Control Strategy Assessment for Improving PEM Fuel Cell System Efficiency in Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicles

Luciani, Sara; Tonoli, Andrea

doi:10.3390/en15062004

Cited by 37 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The full onboard fuel cell system is made of a fuel cell stack and auxiliary systems such as hydrogen, air, water, coolant, and electrical supply circuits [29]. The full model requires additional computing time since it includes intricate internal dynamic responses [37]. Due to the intricacy of the FC model, this paper focuses mostly on the power distribution of the bus rather than the precise FC conversion process.…”

Section: Fuel Cell System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling, Simulation and Control Strategy Optimization of Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicle

et al. 2023

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This work represents the development of a Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicle (FCHEV) model, its validation, and the comparison of different control strategies based on the Toyota Mirai (1st generation) vehicle and its subsystems. The main investigated parameters are hydrogen consumption, and the variation of the state of charge, current, and voltage of the battery. The FCHEV model, which is made up of multiple subsystems, is developed and simulated in MATLAB® Simulink environment using a rule-based control strategy derived from the real system. The results of the model were validated using the experimental data obtained from the open-source Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) database. In the second part, the equivalent consumption minimization strategy is implemented into the controller logic to optimize the existing control strategy and investigate the difference in hydrogen consumption. It was found that the ECMS control strategy outperforms the rule-based one in all drive cycles by 0.4–15.6%. On the other hand, when compared to the real controller, ECMS performs worse for certain considered driving cycles and outperforms others.

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Section: Fuel Cell System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling, Simulation and Control Strategy Optimization of Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicle

et al. 2023

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“…FCEV power source management and operating mode selection (battery, fuel cell, boosting, charging, Off power modes) through predefined fixed or supervised rules depending on the magnitude of power demand, onboard battery SoC and other system states such as temperature is known as a rule-based strategy [202]. In the above-discussed energy management strategies, the main focus is on the optimal running of the FCS while the effect of battery losses is ignored, making them relatively sub-optimal [235]. For sustaining battery SoC of all the above-discussed strategies, the FCS prime mover power output or its activation threshold can be directly or periodically modified [234].…”

Section: Rule Based (Rb)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Fuel Cell Powertrains for Long-Haul Heavy-Duty Vehicles: Technology, Hydrogen, Energy and Thermal Management Solutions

et al. 2022

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Long-haul heavy-duty vehicles, including trucks and coaches, contribute to a substantial portion of the modern-day European carbon footprint and pose a major challenge in emissions reduction due to their energy-intensive usage. Depending on the hydrogen fuel source, the use of fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV) for long-haul applications has shown significant potential in reducing road freight CO2 emissions until the possible maturity of future long-distance battery-electric mobility. Fuel cell heavy-duty (HD) propulsion presents some specific characteristics, advantages and operating constraints, along with the notable possibility of gains in powertrain efficiency and usability through improved system design and intelligent onboard energy and thermal management. This paper provides an overview of the FCEV powertrain topology suited for long-haul HD applications, their operating limitations, cooling requirements, waste heat recovery techniques, state-of-the-art in powertrain control, energy and thermal management strategies and over-the-air route data based predictive powertrain management including V2X connectivity. A case study simulation analysis of an HD 40-tonne FCEV truck is also presented, focusing on the comparison of powertrain losses and energy expenditures in different subsystems while running on VECTO Regional delivery and Longhaul cycles. The importance of hydrogen fuel production pathways, onboard storage approaches, refuelling and safety standards, and fleet management is also discussed. Through a comprehensive review of the H2 fuel cell powertrain technology, intelligent energy management, thermal management requirements and strategies, and challenges in hydrogen production, storage and refuelling, this article aims at helping stakeholders in the promotion and integration of H2 FCEV technology towards road freight decarbonisation.

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“…The authors of [18] cite several benefits of using FCHVs in the transport sector, including reducing greenhouse gas emissions by replacing fossil fuels with hydrogen as energy carriers. The authors examine different management strategies to optimize the power distribution between the battery and the PEM fuel cell to maximize the efficiency of the system and reduce fuel consumption.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors examine different management strategies to optimize the power distribution between the battery and the PEM fuel cell to maximize the efficiency of the system and reduce fuel consumption. The results [18] show that the FC system in the HEV can increase the state of charge (SOC) of the battery while meeting the requirements of high speeds and vehicle power. The results of the research show that, in low load cycles and high load cycles, the best control strategies achieve a fuel cell system efficiency equal to or greater than 33%, while fuel consumption is 30% lower than the basic control strategy in low-load driving cycles.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model of Hybrid Electric Vehicle with Two Energy Sources

et al. 2022

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The paper proposes a Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) design based on the installation of a fuel cell (FC) module in the existing Daewoo Tico electric vehicle to increase its range in urban areas. Installing an FC module supplied by a 2 kg hydrogen tank would not significantly increase the mass of the electric vehicle, and the charging time of the hydrogen tank is lower than the battery charging time. For design analysis, a model was created in the MATLAB/Simulink software package. The model simulates vehicle range at different HEV speeds for Absorbent Glass Mat (AGM) and Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) power sources. The greatest anticipated benefit derived from the model analysis relates to velocities ranging from 20 km/h to 30 km/h, although the optimal HEV velocity in an urban area is in the range of 30 km/h to 40 km/h. The results indicate that this conversion of Electric Vehicle (EV) to HEV would bring a benefit of 87.4% in terms of vehicle range in urban areas. Therefore, the result of the conversion in this case is a vehicle with sub-optimal characteristics, which are nevertheless very close to optimal.

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Control Strategy Assessment for Improving PEM Fuel Cell System Efficiency in Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicles

Cited by 37 publications

References 43 publications

Modeling, Simulation and Control Strategy Optimization of Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicle

Modeling, Simulation and Control Strategy Optimization of Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicle

A Review of Fuel Cell Powertrains for Long-Haul Heavy-Duty Vehicles: Technology, Hydrogen, Energy and Thermal Management Solutions

Model of Hybrid Electric Vehicle with Two Energy Sources

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