Controlled Microwave Processing Applied to the Pharmaceutical Formulation of Ibuprofen

Abstract

Abstract. The first successful development of controlled microwave processing for pharmaceutical formulations is presented and illustrated with a model drug (ibuprofen) and two excipients (stearic acid and polyvinylpyrrolidone). The necessary fine temperature control for formulation with microwave energy has been achieved using a uniquely modified microwave oven with direct temperature measurement and pulse-width modulation power control. In addition to comparing microwave and conventional heating, the effect of the presence of liquid (water) in aiding the mixing of the drug and excipient during formulation was also investigated. Analysis of the prepared formulations using differential scanning calorimetry and dissolution studies suggest that microwave and conventional heating produce similar products when applied to mixtures of ibuprofen and stearic acid. However, the differences were observed for the ibuprofen and polyvinylpyrrolidone formulation in terms of the dissolution kinetics. In all cases, the presence of water did not appear to influence the formulation to any appreciable degree. The application of controllable microwave heating is noteworthy as fine temperature control opens up opportunities for thermally sensitive materials for which microwave methods have not been feasible prior to this work.

Ciprofloxacin Controlled-Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: Characterization, In Vitro Release, and Antibacterial Activity Assessment

“…The study of CIP release kinetics from the prepared SLNs was performed using the dialysis bag technique [ 21 ]. Prior to the test, the dialysis bag (its molecular weight cut off: 12–14 kDa, Livingstone, NSW, Australia) was soaked in Milli Q double-distilled water for 12 h. Two mL aliquot of the prepared SLNs was placed inside the dialysis bag, tied at both ends, and dipped in 50 mL of release medium (phosphate buffered saline (PBS; 100 mM, pH 7.4)) in yellowish-brown colored glass bottles.…”

Lipid Nanoparticles: Production, Characterization and Stability

“…Microwave-assisted drying of pharmaceutical products and long-term stability of solid dispersions of drugs is a widely reported application (Bergese et al 2003;Moneghini et al 2008Moneghini et al , 2009. Only a few reported successes of the use of microwave energy in pharmaceutical formulation, such as that of polymeric nanoparticles, have been reported Bergese et al 2003;Waters et al 2011). The authors of this book have developed a novel production technique for SLNs based on the use of microwave energy .…”

Convection-Induced vs. Microwave Radiation-Induced in situ Drug Amorphization

“…Using this approach, a crystalline drug is formulated together with a polymer into a final dosage form, for example, a compact, which subsequently can be "activated" into the amorphous form as a final manufacturing step or immediately prior to administration [2]. In situ amorphization of ASDs has been shown to be a promising concept, even though full amorphization was not achieved in several studies using either microwave radiation [2,[4][5][6] or by immersion in water [7,8], with the model drugs celecoxib (CCX), indomethacin, ibuprofen, and naproxen. Only recently, 100% amorphization was achieved using the microwave oven [9].…”