Controlled Photoperiodic Environments for Food Animals

Tucker, H.A.; Ringer, RK

doi:10.1126/science.7201162

Cited by 27 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The later objective was chosen since the pineal gland contains the highest levels of 5HT per gland, 5HT is the precursor to NAc5HT (Fig. 3), and alterations in pineal neurotransmitters may adversely affect animal growth, maturation, and reproduction [Tucker and Ringer, 1982;Ebadi 1984;Tucker, 1989;Reiter, 19931.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fusaric acid in Fusarium moniliforme cultures, corn, and feeds toxic to livestock and the neurochemical effects in the brain and pineal gland of rats

et al. 1995

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Fusaric acid is produced by several species of Fusarium, which commonly infect corn and other agricultural commodities. Since this mycotoxin may augment the effects of other Fusarium toxins, a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method of analysis in feeds was developed. Fusaric acid was analyzed as the trimethylsilyl-ester from F. moniliforme-cultures, -contaminated corn screenings, and feeds toxic to livestock. The mycotoxin was found in all samples and ranged from 0.43 to 12.39 micrograms/g sample. Also, fusaric acid was tested for its neurochemical effects in the brain and pineal gland of rats. Animals were dosed intraperitoneally (100 mg/kg body weight) 30 min prior to the onset of the dark phase (lights out) and the effects were studied at 1.5, 3.5, and 5.5 h after treatment. Brain serotonin (5HT), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA), tyrosine (TYRO), and dopamine (DA) were increased (P < 0.05) by fusaric acid, and norepinephrine (NEpi) was decreased (P < 0.05). Analogously, DA in the pineal gland increased and NEpi decreased (P < 0.05). Pineal N-acetylserotonin (NAc5HT) was increased (P < 0.05), whereas pineal 5HT and its two major metabolites 5HIAA and 5-hydroxytryptophol (5HTOL) decreased (P < 0.05). Elevated brain TYRO and brain and pineal DA, with decreased NEpi, may be consistent with fusaric acid's partial inhibitory effect on tyrosine-hydroxylase and its inhibitory effect on dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, respectively. Elevated pineal Nac5HT is consistent with decreased pineal 5HT and the increased pineal DA, and support the dopaminergic stimulatory activity of the enzyme responsible for the conversion of 5HT to NAc5HT. This is the first report of fusaric acid's in vivo effect on pineal DA, NEpi, 5HT, and NAc5HT in rats, and a relation for the effects on TYRO, 5HT, and 5HIAA in brain tissue. The results indicate fusaric acid alters brain and pineal neurotransmitters and may contribute to the toxic effects of Fusarium-contaminated feeds.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fusaric acid in Fusarium moniliforme cultures, corn, and feeds toxic to livestock and the neurochemical effects in the brain and pineal gland of rats

et al. 1995

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“…Lower concentrations of plasma somatotropin and higher concentrations of IGF-II were proposed to be involved in these effects of heat stress on dietary consumption [35]. Exposure of cows to artificially extended photoperiods (16 hours) increased milk yield anywhere from 6 to 13 percent during the coldest parts of the year [36]. Having realized the significant impact of climate on cattle production and product quality, several lines of research have been investigated to discover the best possible alternatives to help alleviate these negative effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental stressors influencing hormones and systems physiology in cattle

Bova

Chiavaccini

Cline

et al. 2014

Reprod Biol Endocrinol

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Environmental stressors undoubtedly influence organismal biology, specifically the endocrine system that, in turn, impact cattle at the systems physiology level. Despite the significant advances in understanding the genetic determinants of the ideal dairy or beef cow, there is a grave lack of understanding of the systems physiology and effects of the environmental stressors that interfere with the endocrine system. This is a major problem because the lack of such knowledge is preventing advances in understanding gene-environment interactions and developing science-based solutions to these challenges. In this review, we synthesize the current knowledge on the nature of the major environmental stressors, such as climate (heat, cold, wind, and humidity), nutrition (feeds, feeding systems, and endocrine disruptors) and management (housing density and conditions, transportation, weaning practices). We summarize the impact of each one of these factors on cattle at the systems level, and provide solutions for the challenges.

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“…In addition, in dairy cows, milk production increases during long photoperiods (Peters et al . ; Tucker & Ringer ; Dahl et al . ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological rhythms related to metabolism in Japanese Shorthorn cattle under varying environments and management techniques

Ogino

Matsuura

Yamazaki

et al. 2013

Animal Science Journal

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Plasma insulin (INS), thyroxin (T4 ), glucose (GLU), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), rectal temperature (RT) and eating behavior were evaluated in Japanese Shorthorn cattle under varying external environments and management techniques. Serial blood collection and assessments of RT and eating behavior were performed over 48 h in the spring, summer, autumn and winter in four female cattle reared under either free-stall and ad libitum feeding (FA) conditions or tie-stall and restricted feeding (TR) conditions. Cycle patterns for each parameter were examined using spectral analysis, and correlations between parameters were investigated using cross-spectral analysis. Rhythms for all parameters, except eating behavior and T4 , did not differ significantly among the varied external environments and between management techniques, although seasonal differences in the concentration or value of parameters were observed. An approximate 3- or 4-h rhythm cycle detected in T4 , GLU, NEFA, BUN, and RT might be the common metabolic rhythm. Under both conditions, the metabolite levels showed strong correlations with eating behavior. Moreover, GLU positively correlated with INS at lag time of 0 h, as did eating behavior and RT.

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Controlled Photoperiodic Environments for Food Animals

Cited by 27 publications

References 46 publications

Fusaric acid in Fusarium moniliforme cultures, corn, and feeds toxic to livestock and the neurochemical effects in the brain and pineal gland of rats

Fusaric acid in Fusarium moniliforme cultures, corn, and feeds toxic to livestock and the neurochemical effects in the brain and pineal gland of rats

Environmental stressors influencing hormones and systems physiology in cattle

Biological rhythms related to metabolism in Japanese Shorthorn cattle under varying environments and management techniques

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