Controlling Growth and Osteogenic Differentiation of Osteoblasts on Microgrooved Polystyrene Surfaces

Abstract

Surface topography is increasingly being recognized as an important factor to control the response of cells and tissues to biomaterials. In the current study, the aim was to obtain deeper understanding of the effect of microgrooves on shape and orientation of osteoblast-like cells and to relate this effect to their proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. To this end, two microgrooved polystyrene (PS) substrates, differing in the width of the grooves (about 2 μm and 4 μm) and distance between individual grooves (about 6 μm and 11 μm, respectively) were fabricated using a combination of photolithography and hot embossing. MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells were cultured on these microgrooved surfaces, with unpatterned hot-embossed PS substrate as a control. Scanning electron- and fluorescence microscopy analyses showed that on patterned surfaces, the cells aligned along the microgrooves. The cells cultured on 4 μm-grooves / 11 μm-ridges surface showed a more pronounced alignment and a somewhat smaller cell area and cell perimeter as compared to cells cultured on surface with 2 μm-grooves / 6 μm-ridges or unpatterned PS. PrestoBlue analysis and quantification of DNA amounts suggested that microgrooves used in this experiment did not have a strong effect on cell metabolic activity or proliferation. However, cell differentiation towards the osteogenic lineage was significantly enhanced when MG-63 cells were cultured on the 2/6 substrate, as compared to the 4/11 substrate or unpatterned PS. This effect on osteogenic differentiation may be related to differences in cell spreading between the substrates.

Effect of calcium glucoheptonate on proliferation and osteogenesis of osteoblast-like cells in vitro

“…[29–33]. There are reports supporting osteogenic differentiation, stemeness and tumerigenic potential of MG-63 cells [34–38].…”

Synthetic Biodegradable Aliphatic Polyester Nanocomposites Reinforced with Nanohydroxyapatite and/or Graphene Oxide for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications

“…Differentiation of hMSCs to osteoblastic lineages in vitro is associated with their ability to express Col I and ALP. Col I is expressed by osteoblasts during the initial period of proliferation and ECM synthesis, while ALP is expressed during the post proliferative period of matrix maturation [260,261,262,263]. Osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs in vitro is greatly enhanced by DEXA.…”

Microgrooves and Microrugosities in Titanium Implant Surfaces: An In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation

“…In the evaluation of the surface of the samples of each group by SEM, different morphological characteristics could be demonstrated, mainly in the G3 group, where the microgrooves were present and distributed in a regular and homogeneous way. As in other studies [21,22,23,24], these microgrooves can be obtained by physical means, such as through the application of a laser, and help to direct cell growth, thus facilitating their organization. However, in the surface model presented here with microgrooves, these microgrooves were produced during the machining of the implants, and consequently, they do not present the possibility of altering the superficial chemical composition, unlike the use of a laser for this purpose [25,26].…”