Graphitic
carbon nitride (CN) is a fascinating metal-free photocatalyst
used to generate hydrogen utilizing solar energy directly, and its
performance can be improved by tuning the electronic structure, enhancing
the visible light absorbance via element doping, and increasing the
surface active sites via nanostructure formation. Herein, porous Ba–P-codoped
g-C3N4 microtubes (Ba–P–CN) with
a large specific surface area are synthesized by calcined melamine,
barium chloride, and hypophoaphoeous acid via a hydrothermal method.
Ba–P-codoped g-C3N4 microtubes increase
the specific surface area and visible light harvesting and narrow
the band gap. Ba–P–CN exhibits enhanced photocatalytic
performance, reaching H2 evolution rate up to 12.3 μmol/h
under light λ > 420 nm, which is 13.2 times as high as that
of CN. Experimental verification and theoretical calculation indicate
that Ba and P doping increases the delocalized density of states distribution
of highest occupied molecular orbitals and lowest unoccupied molecular
orbitals and narrowed the band gap, and the formation of microtube
structures augments the large specific surface area, in addition to
improving the photocatalytic performance of g-C3N4.