Conversion of fructose and glucose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural with lignin-derived carbonaceous catalyst under microwave irradiation in dimethyl sulfoxide–ionic liquid mixtures

Guo, Feng; Fang, Zhen; Zhou, Tiejun

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2012.02.108

Cited by 165 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The morphologies and particle sizes were visualized with a ZEISS EVO 60 SEM (Carl Zeiss, Cambridge, UK); samples were coated with gold and platinum alloy and impregnated on a sticky disc before analysis. 13 C solid state magic angle spinning NMR experiment was carried out on a Bruker Avance II 500 MHz (11.74T) spectrometer (Bruker, Coventry, UK); samples were packed without further treatment into a 4 mm zirconia rotor sample holder spinning at MAS rate m MAS = 8 kHz. Carbon sensitivity was enhanced by Proton-to-carbon CP MAS: recycle delay for all CP experiments was 3 s and TPPM decoupling was used during signal acquisition.…”

Section: Characterization Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has also been established that irradiation with microwave produced effective internal heating by direct coupling of microwave energy with solvents, reagents and catalysts, which increased the reactions greatly [13]. The use of microwave heating in hydrothermal carbonization process, and in the preparation of hydrochar from biomasses, glucose and other materials, such as human waste, cellulose and starch, has been reported [4,[14][15][16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical, structural and energy properties of hydrochars from microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonization of glucose

Elaigwu

Greenway

2016

Int J Ind Chem

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Hydrothermal carbonization has been used as a green and effective technique for the preparation of hydrochars from simple carbohydrates, such as glucose. The chemical and structural properties of hydrochars prepared from glucose have been studied. However, the energy properties of hydrochars prepared from microwaveassisted hydrothermal carbonization of glucose have not been studied. Thus, in this study, microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonization of glucose, and the energy properties of the prepared hydrochars are reported. The preparation involved heating glucose in de-ionized water at 200°C for 5-60 min in a microwave oven. The prepared hydrochars were characterized using scanning electron microscope, nitrogen sorption measurement, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental (CHN) analyzer, and nuclear magnetic resonance, and their energy properties studied. The result indicated that, in comparison with previous studies using the classical hydrothermal carbonization process, this approach reduced the processing time greatly from hours to 45 min, while the increase in higher heating value of the hydrochar when compared to that of the starting material was higher in this study than some value previously reported.

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Section: Characterization Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical, structural and energy properties of hydrochars from microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonization of glucose

Elaigwu

Greenway

2016

Int J Ind Chem

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“…High yields of HMF have been achieved by using high-boiling-point solvents such as DMSO and DMA. 9 Zirconia is known as a good support for sulfates. 17 It strongly interacts with sulfur ions and creates strong acid sites.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fructose Dehydration to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural over Sulfated TiO₂–SiO₂, Ti-SBA-15, ZrO₂, SiO₂, and Activated Carbon Catalysts

Kılıç

2015

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Different sulfated catalysts including SO 4 /TiO 2 −SiO 2 , SO 4 /Ti-SBA-15, SO 4 /ZrO 2 , SO 4 /AC, and SO 4 /SiO 2 were tested in fructose dehydration to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). Reactions were carried out in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at 110°C. Characterization results indicated that no sulfur leaching was observed from SO 4 /ZrO 2 , SO 4 /TiO 2 −SiO 2 , and SO 4 /Ti-SBA-15 catalysts in the reaction tests. The SO 4 /TiO 2 −SiO 2 catalyst had a high amount of strong acid sites and the highest amount of Bronsted sites. The highest selectivity to HMF at high conversion, that is, 89% selectivity at 77% fructose conversion was obtained over this catalyst. It preserved its activity after four times reuse. ■ INTRODUCTIONDiminishing fossil fuel reserves and CO 2 emission problems force people to find alternative and sustainable resources to produce valuable chemicals. Production of these chemicals from biomass is an environmentally friendly process compared to a petroleum based process. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is one of the key intermediates in order to convert the biomass to valuable chemicals such as polymers, biofuels, and bulk chemicals. 1 The most effective way of producing HMF is by carbohydrate conversion, especially dehydration of fructose.Fructose dehydration reaction occurs on the acid sites of the catalyst. Acid concentration, type of acid sites, and acid strength of the catalyst affect the product distribution significantly. 2−4 It is reported that fructose conversion to intermediates takes place on the Lewis sites, whereas Bronsted sites are responsible for the HMF formation from these intermediates. 5 Various acid catalysts including homogeneous (ionic liquids, mineral and organic acids) and heterogeneous types have been investigated. Because of the product contamination and recovery problems, heterogeneous catalysts are generally preferred. Wide ranges of heterogeneous catalysts (e.g., resins, metal sulfates, metal phosphates, heteropolyacids, zeolites, niobic acid based catalysts) have been tested. 3,6−15 However, no satisfactory yields have been achieved yet. Some of the catalysts have low stabilities due to leaching and some of them are not selective and promote side product formation such as formic acid and levulinic acid. Therefore, there are still studies pursued to find a stable, active, selective, and cheap heterogeneous catalyst for fructose dehydration to HMF.Sulfur ions and sulfate groups create Bronsted and strong acid sites when loaded on a support, such as iron oxide, alumina, titania, and zirconia. They were very active in fructose dehydration. 7,17 However, they leached during the reaction in different solvents. Solvent type also affects HMF yield. Different types of solvents from environmentally benign alcohols and water to the high-boiling-point polar aprotic solvents (dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and dimethylamide (DMA)) have been investigated. High yields of HMF have been achieved by using high-boiling-point solvents such as DMSO and DMA. 9 Zirconia is known as ...

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“…A mixture of dimethylsulfoxide-ionic liquid has a beneficial effect over the selectivity of the process. Interestingly, the catalyst can be recovered after the reaction and reused for consecutive batch reactions (Guo, 2012). Scaling up of the MW-assisted fructose dehydration process has been recently evaluated using a stop-flow MW reactor system and compared to a continuous cartridge-based reactor.…”

Section: Microwave-assisted Production Of Platform Chemicals (Categormentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of Carbohydrates Under Microwave Heating

Richel¹,

Paquot²

2012

Carbohydrates - Comprehensive Studies on Glycobiology and Glycotechnology

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Conversion of fructose and glucose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural with lignin-derived carbonaceous catalyst under microwave irradiation in dimethyl sulfoxide–ionic liquid mixtures

Cited by 165 publications

References 35 publications

Chemical, structural and energy properties of hydrochars from microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonization of glucose

Chemical, structural and energy properties of hydrochars from microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonization of glucose

Fructose Dehydration to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural over Sulfated TiO₂–SiO₂, Ti-SBA-15, ZrO₂, SiO₂, and Activated Carbon Catalysts

Conversion of Carbohydrates Under Microwave Heating

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Conversion of fructose and glucose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural with lignin-derived carbonaceous catalyst under microwave irradiation in dimethyl sulfoxide–ionic liquid mixtures

Cited by 165 publications

References 35 publications

Chemical, structural and energy properties of hydrochars from microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonization of glucose

Chemical, structural and energy properties of hydrochars from microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonization of glucose

Fructose Dehydration to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural over Sulfated TiO2–SiO2, Ti-SBA-15, ZrO2, SiO2, and Activated Carbon Catalysts

Conversion of Carbohydrates Under Microwave Heating

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Fructose Dehydration to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural over Sulfated TiO₂–SiO₂, Ti-SBA-15, ZrO₂, SiO₂, and Activated Carbon Catalysts