Cooking fuel use patterns in India: 1983–2000

Viswanathan, B.; Kumar, K. S. Kavi

doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2003.11.002

Cited by 80 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The energy ladder model (reviewed in Heltberg, 2004) argues that the three‐stage fuel switching process from basic biomass (1st level) to kerosene, coal, and charcoal (2nd transition level), and to LPG, natural gas, or electricity (3rd level) is income and fuel price driven . The role of income or affordability in fuel choice becomes more evident when all fuels are equally available . A clear transition has been noted in fuel use, away from firewood and biomass into electricity and LPG, with increasing income .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic status and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma risk in Kashmir, India

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Studies have persistently associated esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) risk with low socioeconomic status (SES), but this association is unexplored in Kashmir, an area with a high incidence of ESCC in the northernmost part of India. We carried out a case-control study to assess the association of multiple indicators of SES and ESCC risk in the Kashmir valley. A total number of 703 histologically confirmed ESCC cases and 1664 controls matched to the cases for age, sex, and district of residence were recruited from October 2008 to January 2012. Conditional logistic regression models were used to calculate unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Composite wealth scores were constructed based on the ownership of several appliances using multiple correspondence analyses. Higher education, living in a kiln brick or concrete house, use of liquefied petroleum gas and electricity for cooking, and higher wealth scores all showed an inverse association with ESCC risk. Compared to farmers, individuals who had government jobs or worked in the business sector were at lower risk of ESCC, but this association disappeared in fully adjusted models. Occupational strenuous physical activity was strongly associated with ESCC risk. In summary, we found a strong relationship of low SES and ESCC in Kashmir. The findings need to be studied further to understand the mechanisms through which such SES parameters increase ESCC risk. (Cancer Sci 2013; 104: 1231-1236 E sophageal cancer is the sixth most common cause of cancer deaths in the world, (1) but approximately 83% of its incident cases and 86% of deaths occur in developing countries.(1) There are two main forms of esophageal cancer, squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma.(2) Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is the most common histological type of esophageal cancer globally (3) and constitutes 90% of cases in the high-risk region in Central Asia, often referred to as the "esophageal cancer belt".(3-5) Because of the high incidence and poor prognosis, ESCC contributes significantly to the cancer burden in the belt and some other high-incidence countries.(6) However, the etiology of ESCC is yet an open question in these areas.Studies have reported an association between low SES and ESCC.(5,7-12) Although low SES is not a biological cause of cancer, it may influence the risk through behavior, lifestyle, environmental exposure, and diet. Low SES may also be a measure of access to the basic resources required to achieve and maintain good health. (13) ESCC is the most common cancer in Kashmir, (14,15) a part of northern most India and the Asian esophageal cancer belt. Although the SES of the population in the region is generally low, (16) no study from Kashmir has investigated in detail the association between low SES and ESCC. Hence, we carried out a case-control study to examine this association. Many factors, including income, profession, housing, and education can determine SES.(17) Therefore, as recommended in previous reports, (18,19) we selected...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic status and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma risk in Kashmir, India

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The fuel used for cooking in different states of India can be categorized into two types: dirty fuel, containing mainly firewood, cow dung cake and coal/lignite/charcoal, and clean fuel, which contains kerosene, electricity, and bio gas (Liquid Petrolium Gas). The two important states of India, Maharashtra, and Taminadu, having Mumbai and Chennai as capital cities, have a larger share of clean fuel (mainly kerosene) consumption for middle to upper expenditure groups of people from 1999-2000 (Pandit et al, 2001;Viswanathan andKavi Kumar, 2005, Census of India, 2001). In contrast in West Bengal, including Kolkata as its capital, dirty fuel (mainly coal and fuel wood) is a large share of consumption for all expenditure groups over the entire period from 1983-2000 (Viswanathan and Kavi Kumar, 2005).…”

Section: Application Of Criteria For Detailed Pahs Source Identificatmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The two important states of India, Maharashtra, and Taminadu, having Mumbai and Chennai as capital cities, have a larger share of clean fuel (mainly kerosene) consumption for middle to upper expenditure groups of people from 1999-2000 (Pandit et al, 2001;Viswanathan andKavi Kumar, 2005, Census of India, 2001). In contrast in West Bengal, including Kolkata as its capital, dirty fuel (mainly coal and fuel wood) is a large share of consumption for all expenditure groups over the entire period from 1983-2000 (Viswanathan and Kavi Kumar, 2005). Therefore, one main reason behind the higher petrogenic PAHs input in Mumbai compared with Kolkata and Chennai might be the usage of more kerosene in Mumbai compared to the other two cities, since the unburnt fuel gradually mixed with watershed increasing the petrogenic input in the respective water bodies.…”

Section: Application Of Criteria For Detailed Pahs Source Identificatmentioning

confidence: 98%

Establishing Criteria of Relative Abundance of Alkyl Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) for Differentiation of Pyrogenic and Petrogenic PAHs: An Application to Indian Sediment

Saha

Takada

Bhattacharya³

2012

Environmental Forensics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Various source materials such as crude oil, automobile exhaust, coal, and wood combustion products were analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and hopanes. Hopanes were detected in coal combustion-derived soot, along with petrogenic sources. Based on the correlation between the alkylated PAHs/parental PAHs ratio with their respective C 30 hopane/PAHs ratio in these source materials, the criteria for differentiating the petrogenic and pyrogenic sources of PAHs were established. This study concluded that sediments contained exclusively pyrogenic PAHs when the following conditions were met: MP/P (methylphenanthrenes to phenanthrene) = 0.5, MPy/Py [(methylpyrenes + methylfluoranthenes) to (pyrene + fluoranthene)] = 0.15, and MC/C [(methylchrysenes + methylbenz[a]anthracenes) to (chrysene + benz[a]anthracene)] = 0.2. By contrast, the sediments contained exclusively petrogenic PAHs when the ratios of MP/P, MPy/Py, MC/C, and methyl PAHs (MPAHs)/PAHs exceeded 3.5, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.2, respectively. Based on these criteria, an intensive source apportionment of PAHs to sediments from three Indian metro cities, Chennai (n = 6), Mumbai (n = 6) and Kolkata (n = 12) (2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007), was determined. This investigation found that sedimentary PAHs from India were depleted in alkylated PAHs with low MP/P ≈ 0.7, MPy/Py ≈ 0.14, and MC/C ≈ 0.3, which contrasted with other tropical Asian countries, where elevated values of these ratios were detected. Among the three cities, Kolkata waters were more strongly influenced by pyrogenic sources of PAHs with very low alkylated PAHs ratios than Chennai and Mumbai sediments. The compositional differences were attributed to the dominant coal and biomass in Kolkata compared to the dominant usage of petrogenic cooking fuel (e.g., kerosene) and automobile-derived sources in Chennai and Mumbai.

show abstract

“…Aside from providing high quality animal-based protein, integrating livestock rearing with cropping diversifies income and provides a measure of insurance against crop failures (Rao and Hall, 2003). As an additional burden, for cooking and heating water, rural households remain heavily dependent on non-commercial sources of fuel such as agricultural residues (Pachauri and Spreng, 2002;Viswanathan and Kumar, 2005).…”

Section: Introduction and Study Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Agriculture Production Systems for Meeting Household Food, Fodder and Fuel Security

Ralevic

Patil²,

vanLoon

2010

Journal of Sustainable Agriculture

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Agriculture including crop production and animal husbandry provides for the food, fodder, and fuel needs in rural regions of many countries such as India. Using the knowledge pertinent to complex mixed cropping-livestock systems at the village level, the goal of this study is to develop a rational method for crop selection, such that the capacity for production of food, fodder and biomass fuel can be examined under various cropping patterns.An agricultural survey is carried out in November 2007 for three villages located in the dryland agro-ecozone of Karnataka State, India. Various demands, including human food energy and protein requirements, and constraints, including land area, are modeled for optimal cropping pattern.A clear recommendation of the study is that a substantial shift in village-wide area planted to cereal crops, in all cases over 50%, is necessary to satisfy human and livestock demands. Additionally, there are visible and growing population pressures on the resources in the dryland, semi-arid regions of India, and these strategies will need to be supplemented by improved agronomic practices directed toward increased productivity.

show abstract

Cooking fuel use patterns in India: 1983–2000

Cited by 80 publications

References 6 publications

Socioeconomic status and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma risk in Kashmir, India

Socioeconomic status and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma risk in Kashmir, India

Establishing Criteria of Relative Abundance of Alkyl Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) for Differentiation of Pyrogenic and Petrogenic PAHs: An Application to Indian Sediment

Integrated Agriculture Production Systems for Meeting Household Food, Fodder and Fuel Security

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About