Cooling and Rewarming for Brain Ischemia or Injury: Theoretical Analysis

Diao, Chenguang; Zhu, Liang; Wang, Huan

doi:10.1114/1.1554924

Cited by 82 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Exponential fitting of these data according to Eq. 3 resulted in ␣ ϭ 2.961 and ␤ ϭ 0.08401 (RMSE ϭ 18.8%), which are similar to values cited previously (11,39,68).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The models that employed a variable CBF as a function of temperature extrapolated the analytic expression for this relation directly from the expression for the metabolic heat generation as a function of brain temperature (Eq. 1) (11,68,69), whereas the present model fitted data from studies to quantify the expression more precisely.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The present theoretical model examines the effect of a continuously changing blood perfusion rate (CBF) and perfusate temperature on brain temperature. Previous mathematical models investigated the effect of transcranial cooling in humans and assumed a constant CBF and perfusate temperature (44,60) or a continuously changing CBF and a constant perfusate temperature (11,68,69). The models that employed a variable CBF as a function of temperature extrapolated the analytic expression for this relation directly from the expression for the metabolic heat generation as a function of brain temperature (Eq.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Noninvasive methods most commonly used are cooling caps and helmets. However, theoretical analyses (11,44,60) and empirical measurements (8,35) suggest that such measures are effective in reducing the temperature in the superficial cerebral regions, but not in deep brain structures.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A theoretical model of selective cooling using intracarotid cold saline infusion in the human brain

Konstas¹,

Neimark²,

Laine³

et al. 2007

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Konstas AA, Neimark MA, Laine AF, Pile-Spellman J. A theoretical model of selective cooling using intracarotid cold saline infusion in the human brain. J Appl Physiol 102: 1329 -1340, 2007. First published December 14, 2006; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00805.2006.-A threedimensional mathematical model was developed to examine the transient and steady-state temperature distribution in the human brain during selective brain cooling (SBC) by unilateral intracarotid freezing-cold saline infusion. To determine the combined effect of hemodilution and hypothermia from the cold saline infusion, data from studies investigating the effect of these two parameters on cerebral blood flow (CBF) were pooled, and an analytic expression describing the combined effect of the two factors was derived. The Pennes bioheat equation used the thermal properties of the different cranial layers and the effect of cold saline infusion on CBF to propagate the evolution of brain temperature. A healthy brain and a brain with stroke (ischemic core and penumbra) were modeled. CBF and metabolic rate data were reduced to simulate the core and penumbra. Simulations using different saline flow rates were performed. The results suggested that a flow rate of 30 ml/min is sufficient to induce moderate hypothermia within 10 min in the ipsilateral hemisphere. The brain with stroke cooled to lower temperatures than the healthy brain, mainly because the stroke limited the total intracarotid blood flow. Gray matter cooled twice as fast as white matter. The continuously falling hematocrit was the main time-limiting factor, restricting the SBC to a maximum of 3 h. The study demonstrated that SBC by intracarotid saline infusion is feasible in humans and may be the fastest method of hypothermia induction. therapeutic hypothermia; ischemic stroke; spatial and temporal brain temperature distributions THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM is vulnerable to focal and global ischemia resulting from acute ischemic stroke (63) and cardiac arrest (21). Therapeutic hypothermia has been repeatedly shown to be effective in limiting the damage of global and focal ischemia in animal models and clinical studies (6,21).In most clinical studies, hypothermia is induced by surface cooling. Although this is the simplest and most cost-effective option for inducing hypothermia (14), it has two major drawbacks. 1) Several hours are required to reach the target body core temperature. All studies report a 3-to 7-h period for cooling to 32-34°C (26, 52); however, endovascular systemic cooling may be able to accelerate the rate of cooling and improve the efficacy of hypothermia (15).2) The incidence of adverse effects, such as impaired immune function, decreased cardiac output, pneumonia, and cardiac arrhythmias/bradycardias, is high (14, 31). Selective brain cooling (SBC) without reducing body core temperature can theoretically address both problems of whole body cooling.Different methods for SBC have been reported (18). Noninvasive methods most commonly used are cooling caps and helmets. However, th...

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“…Exponential fitting of these data according to Eq. 3 resulted in ␣ ϭ 2.961 and ␤ ϭ 0.08401 (RMSE ϭ 18.8%), which are similar to values cited previously (11,39,68).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A theoretical model of selective cooling using intracarotid cold saline infusion in the human brain

Konstas¹,

Neimark²,

Laine³

et al. 2007

Journal of Applied Physiology

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show abstract

“…Six different studies in the literature on human head heat transfer were examined (Nelson and Nunneley 1998, Fiala et al 1999, Xu et al 1999, Diao et al 2002, Dennis et al 2003 and mean value and range of geometry and tissue properties were determined. The mean values of these properties are used to define our standard head model (table 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling of temperature and perfusion during scalp cooling

2005

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Hair loss is a feared side effect of chemotherapy treatment. It may be prevented by cooling the scalp during administration of cytostatics. The supposed mechanism is that by cooling the scalp, both temperature and perfusion are diminished, affecting drug supply and drug uptake in the hair follicle. However, the effect of scalp cooling varies strongly. To gain more insight into the effect of cooling, a computer model has been developed that describes heat transfer in the human head during scalp cooling. Of main interest in this study are the mutual influences of scalp temperature and perfusion during cooling. Results of the standard head model show that the temperature of the scalp skin is reduced from 34.4 • C to 18.3 • C, reducing tissue blood flow to 25%. Based upon variations in both thermal properties and head anatomies found in the literature, a parameter study was performed. The results of this parameter study show that the most important parameters affecting both temperature and perfusion are the perfusion coefficient Q 10 and the thermal resistances of both the fat and the hair layer. The variations in the parameter study led to skin temperature ranging from 10.1 • C to 21.8 • C, which in turn reduced relative perfusion to 13% and 33%, respectively.

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Radiofrequency Heating Models and Measurements

Shrivastava

Vaughan

2011

Encyclopedia of Magnetic Resonance

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Cooling and Rewarming for Brain Ischemia or Injury: Theoretical Analysis

Cited by 82 publications

References 32 publications

A theoretical model of selective cooling using intracarotid cold saline infusion in the human brain

A theoretical model of selective cooling using intracarotid cold saline infusion in the human brain

Modelling of temperature and perfusion during scalp cooling

Radiofrequency Heating Models and Measurements

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