“…These include oligopolistic competition(Clarke, 1983;Raith, 1996), financial intermediation(Pagano and Jappelli, 1993;Jappelli and Pagano, 2002;Gehrig and Stenbacka, 2007), supply chain management(Ha and Tong, 2008;Shamir and Shin, 2016), competition between data brokers(Gu et al, 2019;Ichihashi, 2020), and advertising(Gradwohl and Tennenholtz, 2022a).…”