Coordinatable and High Charge‐Carrier‐Mobility Water‐Soluble Conjugated Copolymers for Effective Aqueous‐Processed Polymer–Nanocrystal Hybrid Solar Cells and OFET Applications

Wei, Haotong; Zhang, Hao; Jin, Gan; Na, Tianyi; Zhang, Guoyan; Zhang, Xue; Wang, Yan; Sun, Haizhu; Tian, Wenjing; Yang, Bai

doi:10.1002/adfm.201300333

Cited by 28 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Water‐processed hybrid solar cells were obtained through combination of water soluble conjugated polymer (poly[(3,4‐dibromo‐2,5‐thienylene vinylene)‐co‐( p ‐phenylene‐vinylene)] with CdTe nanocrystals. The CdTe is bound to the BCP through coordinative bonding through the sulfur atoms of the thiophene rings leading to an increased stability …”

Section: Block Copolymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CdTei sb ound to the BCP through coordinative bonding through the sulfur atoms of the thiophene rings leadingt oa ni ncreased stability. [53] So far such materials are usually prepared in at wo-step process:i nafirst step CP nanoparticles are synthesized using one of the methods given in the previous section. In as econd step the NPs are dispersed in or linked to the polymerm atrix.…”

Section: Block Copolymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis of Coordination Polymer Nanoparticles using Self‐Assembled Block Copolymers as Template

Weber

2017

Chemistry A European J

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Nowadays there is a high demand in specialized functional materials, for example, for applications as sensors in biomedicine. For the realization of such applications, nanostructures and the integration in a composite matrix are indispensable. Coordination polymers and networks, for example, with spin crossover properties, are a highly promising family of switchable materials in which the switching process can be triggered by various external stimuli. An overview over different strategies for the synthesis of nanoparticles of such systems is given. A special focus is set on the use of block copolymer micelles as templates for the synthesis of nanocomposites. The block copolymer defines the final size and shape of the nanoparticle core. Additionally it allows a further functionalization of the obtained nanoparticles by variation of the polymer blocks and an easy deposition of the composite material on surfaces.

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Section: Block Copolymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Block Copolymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Coordination Polymer Nanoparticles using Self‐Assembled Block Copolymers as Template

Weber

2017

Chemistry A European J

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“…[32][33][34] The cross-sectional SEM image of the device with dip-coated gold NPs electrode is shown in Figure S4 (Supporting Information), which shows sharp boundaries between the adjacent layers. However, the dip-coated gold NPs electrode may be unsuitable for usual polymer/fullerenes system because of the sensitivity to water of the active layer.…”

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confidence: 99%

Dip‐Coated Gold Nanoparticle Electrodes for Aqueous‐Solution‐Processed Large‐Area Solar Cells

Chen

et al. 2014

Advanced Energy Materials

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gold NPs monolayer was introduced on the interface between the water and n-hexane and then dip-coating technique was adopted to generate a large area gold NPs fi lm ( Scheme 1 ). Fabricating a 2D gold fi lm by this water/oil method was proposed in past work. [ 24,25 ] However, to the best of our knowledge, this is the fi rst time to investigate it as an electrode for solar cells. It is worth noting that when 15 nm and 35 nm gold NPs were used to generate the multilayer gold fi lms, thermal treatment was required to avoid the dissolution of gold fi lm by subsequent dip-coating process. Nevertheless, in the case of 60nm gold NPs, stewing the fi lm in air for a while was enough for the next layer dip-coating. We attribute this phenomenon to the different solubility of gold NPs with varying size. Relatively, the smaller NPs have more citrate ions capped than the bigger NPs and possess better solubility. Upon annealing, the gold NPs fi lm would experience processes of melting, interparticle coalescence and dewetting, [ 26 ] thus making it more hydrophobic. As for the 60 nm gold NPs, with less citrate ions capping, lower solubility and larger size made the fi lm difficult to dissolve in water after stewing in the air for a while.The electric resistance of gold fi lms with different NP sizes and different dip-coated layers (1, 2, 3, and 4) was investigated previously. Figure 1 shows the electric resistance of the gold NPs fi lms measured by the four-point probe meter. Detailed information is shown in Table 1 . The electric resistance decreases dramatically when the layer number of gold fi lms increases. In the case of the 60 nm gold NPs, the electric resistance values are 897 Ω/ٗ, 4.5 Ω/ٗ, 2 Ω/ٗ and 1.3 Ω/ٗ respectively for 1 to 4 layers. To illustrate this relationship, TEM and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterizations ( Figure 2 ) are conducted. For one layer, the gold nanoparticles are assembled incompactly with inhomogeneously interparticle distances, which are adverse for electron transfer. Due to the inhomogeneous arrangement of NPs in the monolayer, the R s values show slight fl uctuation when different positions of the fi lms are measured. As more layers are dip-coated, the interparticle distances become much smaller, which is in accordance with the decrease in R s . Moreover, the R s values measured in different positions of the fi lms become more stable. The gold fi lms with three layers and four layers show similar R s values, both of which are very small. As shown

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“…[31,32] As shown in Figure 4d, the decay dynamics of ZnO:CdTe film are faster, which means better electron extraction efficiency compared with TiO 2 :CdTe films. [2,5,[7][8][9]13,15,17,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] It is shown that the highest PCE (6.51%) and J sc (19.5 mA cm −2 ) have been obtained in this work. As a result, the probability of carrier recombination process becomes smaller.…”

mentioning

confidence: 53%

“…are developed to address these issues. For example, Wei et al successfully designed conjugated polymer with high carrier mobility and largely improved device performance . Jin et al achieved a record PCE of 5.64% (as reported) based on PPV and CdTe NCs by optimizing device structure .…”

Section: The Pv Performance Of Devices a And B Values In Brackets Armentioning

confidence: 96%

Highly Efficient Aqueous‐Processed Hybrid Solar Cells: Control Depletion Region and Improve Carrier Extraction

Chen

Jin

Wang

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

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on poly(p-phenylenevinylene) (PPV) and CdTe nanocrystals (NCs) was developed. [2] This work demonstrated the important influence of hybrid on the performance of solar cells based on aqueous process, encouraging us to further investigate the ASCs with a new configuration.However, the performance of the ASCs is still severely limited by the narrow width of the depletion region, the intrinsic defects of NCs, and the low carrier extraction ability, resulting in low short-circuit current (J sc ) and open voltage (V oc ) as well as a poor fill factor (FF). Many methods including passivating the surface of NCs, [3][4][5] high temperature annealing, [6] designing polymer with novel structure, [2,[7][8][9][10][11] optimizing device architecture, [12][13][14] etc. are developed to address these issues. For example, Wei et al. successfully designed conjugated polymer with high carrier mobility and largely improved device performance. [15] Jin et al. achieved a record PCE of 5.64% (as reported) based on PPV and CdTe NCs by optimizing device structure. [16] However, controlling the width of the depletion region and enhancing carrier extraction ability have been long a challenge.To address these issues, our group further developed an effective strategy that introduced different BHJ structure into the active material. The highest PCE as high as 6.01% was achieved based on ASCs. [17] In that work, one BHJ is consisted of CdTe and TiO 2 NCs and the other is CdTe NCs and PPV. The width of the depletion region and carrier extraction ability were significantly improved compared to previous works. As known, within limits, the thicker the BHJ film is, the better the performance is. In organic solar cells, the BHJ thickness can even reach 210 nm. [18] For aqueous-processed hybrid solar cells (AHSCs), however, the optimum thickness of the CdTe:TiO 2 BHJ film is only ≈30 nm in the double-side bulk heterojunction system mentioned above. In order to increase the BHJ film thickness and form the bicontinueous phase, the content of TiO 2 NCs have to be enhanced because of their small size. However, TiO 2 NCs contribute no photocurrent in the range of visible light and hence further increasing the thickness of BHJ film leads to the decrease of J sc . Although employing TiO 2 NCs with a larger size can obtain a thicker BHJ film and alleviate the decrease of J sc in theory, preparing water-soluble annatase TiO 2 with larger size is difficult and the aggregation occurs during Environmental friendly aqueous-processed solar cells have become one of the most promising candidates for the next-generation photovoltaic devices. Researchers have made lots of progress in designing active materials with novel structures, manipulating the defects in active materials, optimizing device architecture, etc. However, it has long been a challenge to control the width of the depletion region and enhance carrier extraction ability. Fabrication of a thick bulk heterojunction (BHJ) film is an effective strategy to address these issues but difficult to realize. Herein...

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Coordinatable and High Charge‐Carrier‐Mobility Water‐Soluble Conjugated Copolymers for Effective Aqueous‐Processed Polymer–Nanocrystal Hybrid Solar Cells and OFET Applications

Cited by 28 publications

References 47 publications

Synthesis of Coordination Polymer Nanoparticles using Self‐Assembled Block Copolymers as Template

Synthesis of Coordination Polymer Nanoparticles using Self‐Assembled Block Copolymers as Template

Dip‐Coated Gold Nanoparticle Electrodes for Aqueous‐Solution‐Processed Large‐Area Solar Cells

Highly Efficient Aqueous‐Processed Hybrid Solar Cells: Control Depletion Region and Improve Carrier Extraction

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