Coordinate cell cycle control of a Caulobacter DNA methyltransferase and the flagellar genetic hierarchy

Stephens, Craig; Zweiger, Gary; Shapiro, Lucy

doi:10.1128/jb.177.7.1662-1669.1995

Cited by 73 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The class II flagellar genes have been shown to respond to a DNA replication checkpoint (13,52), in that disruption of DNA replication results in the inhibition of class II flagellar gene transcription. In addition, it has recently been shown that the gene encoding a temporally controlled DNA methyltransferase, which is required for the normal progression of the Caulobacter cell cycle, also responds to a DNA replication checkpoint and has the same promoter structural and functional features as the promoter regions of the class II flagellar genes (51).…”

Section: Vol 177 1995mentioning

confidence: 99%

Caulobacter FliQ and FliR membrane proteins, required for flagellar biogenesis and cell division, belong to a family of virulence factor export proteins

Zhuang

Shapiro

1995

J Bacteriol

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Each Caulobacter crescentus cell division generates distinct progeny cells: a stalked cell which is competent for DNA replication, and a motile swarmer cell which initiates DNA replication only after it sheds its flagellum and differentiates into a stalked cell later in the cell cycle. Following the initiation of DNA replication, the flagellar transcriptional hierarchy is activated, culminating in the assembly of a single flagellum at the cell pole opposite that bearing the stalk. The biogenesis of the flagellum is a landmark in the establishment of asymmetry in the predivisional cell (Fig. 1).A large number of the flagellar structural and regulatory genes have been grouped into classes (Fig. 1) that form a regulatory hierarchy (7,9,11,43,62). We have preliminary evidence that the class I genes respond to cell cycle cues (44a). The class II flagellar genes are transcribed early in the cell cycle and are required for the transcription of genes in classes III and IV. Two class II genes, rpoN and flbD, encode a sigma factor ( 54 ) (6), and a transcriptional activator, FlbD (45, 60), respectively, which are required directly for the transcription of class III and class IV genes. Other class II genes encode proteins required for flagellar assembly and function (24, 45a, 65). The order of flagellar gene expression approximates the order of assembly of the gene products into the nascent structure (11,13,17,43,62). In C. crescentus, Salmonella typhimurium, and Escherichia coli, if flagellar assembly is aborted, transcription of the remaining flagellar genes is blocked, suggesting that the two processes are coupled (19,23,24,31).We reported previously that a nonmotile mutant with a deletion in the flaS locus not only diminished or abolished the transcription of class III and class IV genes but also exhibited a cell division defect (13). To understand the role of this class II flaS locus in the assembly of the flagellum and in cell divi- At each division, a predivisional cell gives rise to two different progeny, a stalked cell and a motile swarmer cell. As the cell cycle proceeds, the swarmer cell sheds its flagellum and assembles a stalk at the previously flagellated pole. The new stalked cell begins to divide, assembling a new flagellum at the pole opposite the stalk. The flagellar genes are expressed in an order that reflects their positions in the regulatory hierarchy and the order of assembly of their protein products into the flagellum (7,42). Arrows indicate positive regulation, such that transcription of each class of genes requires the expression of the gene products of the preceding class. Both rpoN and flbD encode transcription proteins (6, 45), whereas other class II genes appear to encode proteins involved in the assembly, structure, and function of the flagellum (24, 65).

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Section: Vol 177 1995mentioning

confidence: 99%

Caulobacter FliQ and FliR membrane proteins, required for flagellar biogenesis and cell division, belong to a family of virulence factor export proteins

Zhuang

Shapiro

1995

J Bacteriol

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“…Further, CcrM in an α-proteobacterium, Caulobacter crescentus, play an important role for cell-type determination mediated by expression of class II flagellar genes. C. crescentus generates two distinct cell types, a motile swarmer cell and a stalked cell (Stephens et al, 1995;Marczynski and Shapiro, 2002). The expression level of CcrM protein controls the amount of transcripts of class II flagellar genes, thereby being related to the development of swarmer cells (Stephens et al, 1996;Wu et al, 1998;Reisenauer et al, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the origin and function of an insertion element VPaI-1 specific to post-1995 pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains

et al. 2008

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Since 1995, new virulent strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus have emerged and spread throughout the world. These "pandemic" strains have four strain specific genomic islands (GIs), which are considered to be potential factors of the pandemicity. We investigated the origin and function of 24 genes in the so-called VPaI-1, one of the four GIs, by searching homologs in various species in Bacteria and Archaea. Of these 24 genes, two are found only in Vibrio vulnificus CMCP6 and Shewanella sp. MR-7. The genomic segment (~8 kb) encompassing the two genes shows the synteny among the three species. Since many of the Shewanella species can grow at 4°C, these two genes may be candidates of adaptation to temperature stress. Further, we found a candidate for a swarming gene, which is reported as the V. cholerae virulence gene. Based on these findings, we hypothesized the emergence of pandemicity and discuss the mechanism for how these strains spread throughout the world.

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“…ccrM expression is coincident with and sensitive to DNA replication such that if DNA replication is inhibited, CcrM is not produced at high enough levels to overcome Lon degradation (241). Surprisingly, it was found that ccrM is positively regulated by CtrA (202).…”

Section: Regulation Of Dna Replication and Methylation Machinerymentioning

confidence: 99%

Getting in the Loop: Regulation of Development inCaulobacter crescentus

Curtis

Brun

2010

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

244

233

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SUMMARY Caulobacter crescentus is an aquatic Gram-negative alphaproteobacterium that undergoes multiple changes in cell shape, organelle production, subcellular distribution of proteins, and intracellular signaling throughout its life cycle. Over 40 years of research has been dedicated to this organism and its developmental life cycles. Here we review a portion of many developmental processes, with particular emphasis on how multiple processes are integrated and coordinated both spatially and temporally. While much has been discovered about Caulobacter crescentus development, areas of potential future research are also highlighted.

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Coordinate cell cycle control of a Caulobacter DNA methyltransferase and the flagellar genetic hierarchy

Cited by 73 publications

References 44 publications

Caulobacter FliQ and FliR membrane proteins, required for flagellar biogenesis and cell division, belong to a family of virulence factor export proteins

Caulobacter FliQ and FliR membrane proteins, required for flagellar biogenesis and cell division, belong to a family of virulence factor export proteins

On the origin and function of an insertion element VPaI-1 specific to post-1995 pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains

Getting in the Loop: Regulation of Development inCaulobacter crescentus

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