Copepod carcasses in the ocean. I. Over seamounts

Haury, Loren R.; C, Fey; Gal, Gilad; Hobday, Alistair J.; Genin, Amatzia

doi:10.3354/meps123057

Cited by 39 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The transparent appearance and the intact appendages and setae of the carcasscs are typ~cal of all carcasses collected during our study and are simllar to those figured in Wheeler (1967). Beyer 11992) and Haury et al (1995). Total lengths: r \.…”

Section: Live Copepods Per M3supporting

confidence: 68%

“…Since decay of partly emptied carcasses can produce completely empty exoskeletons (Wheeler 1967, Harding 1973, no attempt was made to differentiate empty exoskeletons from molt exuviae. Following the procedures used by Haury et al (1995), 'husk' and 'marginal' individuals were pooled into a group termed 'carcasses' (Wheeler 1967, Weikert 1977, Terazaki & Wada 1988. Carcasses commonly had a fractured exoskeleton, but with setae and appendages intact.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lewis (1992), for example, found partly digested items on the surface of the gastrozoids of a cnidarian hydrocoral and Conway et al (1993) reported egestion of intact copepod exoskeletons by fish larvae. Patches of relatively high carcass abundance over seamounts and banks were assumed to result from intensified zooplankton predation by nekton and micronekton residing above shallow topographic features (Haury et al 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Copepod carcasses in the ocean. II. Near coral reefs

Genin¹,

Gal²,

Haury³

1995

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Copepod carcasses containing httle or no internal tissue, but bearing undamaged setae and appendages, dominated zooplankton samples collected near the coral reef of Eilat, Israel. The proportions of carcasses to total copepods (livlng plus dead) increased from open offshore waters (22 %) to the reef (65'5,). Proportions across a sandy shore without a reef were low (<25 X), with no significant changes with respect to distance from shore. Calanoid copepods exhibited higher proportions of carcasses than cyclopoids. Carcasses similar to those found in our plankton samples were egested in aquaria by freshly collected post-settling fish larvae and crinoids. High proportions (~80%) of carcasses CO-occurred with extrenlcly low ( < l 0 0 m-") abundances of zooplankton, further corroborating a relationship between predation and carcass abundance Since the nutritional value of carcasses is substantially less than that of l~ving individuals, d~fferentiating between llve copepods and carcasses should be critical for planktivores inhabiting reefs, as well as for investigations of trophic dynamics in such habitats.

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Section: Live Copepods Per M3supporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Copepod carcasses in the ocean. II. Near coral reefs

Genin¹,

Gal²,

Haury³

1995

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…At the time of the study, surface temperatures were 21 ± 1°C. 90 (Dubovskaya et al 2003) (Terazaki & Wada 1988) (Weikert 1977) ) (Haury et al 1995) (Wheeler 1967) (Tang et al 2006a) (Gries & Güde 1999) 15-60%~2 9% 50-69% 16-28% 23% 20-60% 4-17%~3 0% (Bickel et al 2009) 6-8% Short-term laboratory experiment. Individuals of the cladoceran species Daphnia cucullata (~1.7 mm) and the copepod species Eudiaptomus gracilis (~1.5 mm) were collected from Lake Stechlin for the short-term experiment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial activities accompanying decomposition of cladoceran and copepod carcasses under different environmental conditions

Tang¹,

Bickel²,

Dziallas³

et al. 2009

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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Cladoceran and copepod carcasses in both marine and freshwater environments represent concentrated reservoirs of organic substrates for water column bacteria. We studied the microbial abundance, activities, and diversity associated with decomposing carcasses of different zooplankton species over short and long time scales, and in oligotrophic vs. eutrophic environments. Fresh carcasses of Daphnia cucullata, Diaphanosoma brachyurum, and Eudiaptomus gracilis were rapidly colonized by bacteria, which reached peak abundances within 1.5 d at 20°C and then decreased. Cell-specific exoenzymatic activity on protein and lipid analogs and production rate of bacteria associated with the carcasses were all higher than in the ambient water. ANOSIM analyses of DGGE banding patterns revealed that bacterial communities associated with both cladoceran and copepod carcasses rapidly diverged from the initial bacterial community in the ambient water. The high similarity of bacteria on both types of carcasses indicates that the carcasses were decomposed by similar bacterial groups. Estimated carcass decomposition rate was lower at 6°C, with an estimated Q 10 of 2.4. Carcasses suspended in the eutrophic Lake Dagow had a higher average carbon loss rate than those suspended in the oligotrophic Lake Stechlin. Cladoceran carcasses were initially colonized by bacteria faster than copepod carcasses in both laboratory and field experiments, suggesting that cladoceran carcasses were more prone to exploitation by bacteria, yet copepod carcasses lost carbon at higher rates. Overall, our results suggest that pelagic zooplankton production can be directly converted to water column bacterial production via carcass decomposition, especially during the mid-summer zooplankton decline commonly observed in lakes.

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“…North Atlantic (Wheeler, 1967;Roe, 1988), Indian Ocean (Geptner et al, 1990, North Pacific (Haury et al, 1995;Yamaguchi and Ikeda, 2001), Arabian Sea (Böttger-Schnack, 1996;Koppelmann et al, 2000) and Japan Sea (Terazaki and Wada, 1988). Wheeler (1967) mentioned that the species composition of the carcasses was not different from that of living specimens at the same depth, and considered that the origin of copepod carcasses is a fate of residents (they are not transported from the overlaying layer).…”

Section: Copepod Carcassesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community and trophic structures of pelagic copepods down to greater depths in the western subarctic Pacific (WEST-COSMIC)

Yamaguchi¹,

Watanabe²,

Ishida³

et al. 2002

Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers

120

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As part of the research program "WEST-COSMIC (Western Pacific Environment Study on CO 2 Ocean Sequestration for Mitigation of Climate Change)", vertical distribution and community structure of copepods were studied at Station Knot (44˚N, 155˚E) down to 4000 m depth in the western subarctic Pacific. Vertical carbon flux mediated by copepod communities was also estimated. Both abundance and biomass of copepods were greatest in the near surface layer and decreased with increasing depth. Decrease of abundance with depth was best fitted to power regression model, while that of biomass was best described by an exponential regression model. Copepod carcasses occurred throughout the layer, and carcasses/living specimens ratios were greatest in the deepest layer (the ratio was 9.3 at 3000-4000 m depth). A total of 98 calanoid copepod species belonging to 38 genera and 15 families occurred in the 0-4000 m water column (Cyclopoida, Harpacticoida and Poecilostomatoida were not identified to species). The number of genera and species showed bimodal vertical distributions with peaks at 500-1000, and at 2000-3000 m both during day and night. Based on the species similarity indices, copepod community could be classified into epipelagic, mesopelagic and bathypelagic communities. Based on the feeding pattern, copepods were divided into four types: suspension feeders, suspension feeders in diapause, detritivores and carnivores. In terms of abundance, the most dominant group was suspension feeders (mainly the cyclopoid genus Oithona) in the epipelagic zone, while detritivores (mainly Poecilostomatoida genus Oncaea) were dominant in the meso-and bathypelagic zones. In terms of biomass, suspension feeders in diapause (calanoid genera Neocalanus and Eucalanus) were the major component (ca. 70%), especially at 200-2000 m depth. Comparison of vertical flux of particulate carbon with estimated copepod ingestion/egestion rates suggests that the suspension feeding copepods receive sufficient food. For detritivorous copepods, copepod carcasses, a possible food source, are not abundant enough, so other food sources need to be considered. As a food source for carnivorous copepods, the abundance of suspension feeding and detritivorous copepods appears to be high enough to meet their demand. Our calculation showed that an average of 32% of the particulate carbon flux is consumed by copepods in the 0-4000 m water column.

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Copepod carcasses in the ocean. I. Over seamounts

Cited by 39 publications

References 21 publications

Copepod carcasses in the ocean. II. Near coral reefs

Copepod carcasses in the ocean. II. Near coral reefs

Microbial activities accompanying decomposition of cladoceran and copepod carcasses under different environmental conditions

Community and trophic structures of pelagic copepods down to greater depths in the western subarctic Pacific (WEST-COSMIC)

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