“…Elemental analysis of the spent catalyst revealed that none of the copper but 80% of the chlorine originally on the catalyst had been lost. The activity of the CuCl 2 could be partially regenerated by passing a 10% HCl in dry N 2 gas over the catalyst bringing the catalyst's Cl/Cu weight ratio nearly back to that of the fresh catalyst (Cl/Cu ∼ 1.2). , The preferred Cl/Cu ratio is nearly identical to that required in the ENIChem system (Figure ). The pyridinal formulation provides a higher productivity 58,59 than the CuCl 2 . 16 Structure of paratacamite.…”
Section: Dmc Synthesis Chemistrymentioning
confidence: 96%
“…Dow reports that seven active carbon supports were tested and all were shown to have greater activity, selectivity, and longevity than the oxide supports tested (MgO, ZnO, SiO 2 , TiO 2 , and Al 2 O 3 ) . Dow prefers the DARCO carbon. , Figure shows the effect of both the catalyst activity and selectivity for the various supports tested.…”
Section: Dmc Synthesis Chemistrymentioning
confidence: 98%
“…Dow Chemical has issued a number of patents 56-59 on the use of a supported copper catalyst and an integrated process patent for DMC production . In a recent paper, Dow reveals some of the intricacies of the catalyst/support system …”
Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is considered an option for meeting the
oxygenate specifications
on gasoline and as a means of converting natural gas to a liquid
transportation fuel. In this
report, the fuel characteristics and known chemical synthesis schemes
for DMC are reviewed.
Three production schemes have a commercial track record, while
others are still under
development. The older of the three commercially proven schemes is
undesirable because it
employs phosgene. The other two commercially proven schemes have a
complex mixture of
advantages and disadvantages with regard to the synthesis chemistry and
are reviewed in greater
detail. One other commercially viable production scheme that
involves coproduction of either
ethylene or propylene glycol is also reviewed. This scheme is
still in the development stage and
would require a commitment to coproduce the glycol from ethylene or
propylene. The authors
are not aware of any refiner that either has blended or is blending DMC
into gasoline for
commercial use.
“…Elemental analysis of the spent catalyst revealed that none of the copper but 80% of the chlorine originally on the catalyst had been lost. The activity of the CuCl 2 could be partially regenerated by passing a 10% HCl in dry N 2 gas over the catalyst bringing the catalyst's Cl/Cu weight ratio nearly back to that of the fresh catalyst (Cl/Cu ∼ 1.2). , The preferred Cl/Cu ratio is nearly identical to that required in the ENIChem system (Figure ). The pyridinal formulation provides a higher productivity 58,59 than the CuCl 2 . 16 Structure of paratacamite.…”
Section: Dmc Synthesis Chemistrymentioning
confidence: 96%
“…Dow reports that seven active carbon supports were tested and all were shown to have greater activity, selectivity, and longevity than the oxide supports tested (MgO, ZnO, SiO 2 , TiO 2 , and Al 2 O 3 ) . Dow prefers the DARCO carbon. , Figure shows the effect of both the catalyst activity and selectivity for the various supports tested.…”
Section: Dmc Synthesis Chemistrymentioning
confidence: 98%
“…Dow Chemical has issued a number of patents 56-59 on the use of a supported copper catalyst and an integrated process patent for DMC production . In a recent paper, Dow reveals some of the intricacies of the catalyst/support system …”
Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is considered an option for meeting the
oxygenate specifications
on gasoline and as a means of converting natural gas to a liquid
transportation fuel. In this
report, the fuel characteristics and known chemical synthesis schemes
for DMC are reviewed.
Three production schemes have a commercial track record, while
others are still under
development. The older of the three commercially proven schemes is
undesirable because it
employs phosgene. The other two commercially proven schemes have a
complex mixture of
advantages and disadvantages with regard to the synthesis chemistry and
are reviewed in greater
detail. One other commercially viable production scheme that
involves coproduction of either
ethylene or propylene glycol is also reviewed. This scheme is
still in the development stage and
would require a commitment to coproduce the glycol from ethylene or
propylene. The authors
are not aware of any refiner that either has blended or is blending DMC
into gasoline for
commercial use.
“…The DOW Chemical Company in the United States developed the gas-phase oxidation carbonylation method. The reactant methanol was first gasified in the gasification chamber and then mixed with CO and O 2 to pass into the fixed bed reactor [21]. The reaction temperature is 100-130 • C, the reaction pressure is 10-30 bar, and the catalyst is generally a supported Cu-based catalyst.…”
Section: Catalyst For Methanol Gas-phase Oxidative Carbonylationmentioning
Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is widely used as an intermediate and solvent in the organic chemical industry. In recent years, compared with the traditional DMC production methods (phosgene method, transesterification method), methanol oxidation carbonylation method, gas-phase methyl nitrite method, and the direct synthesis of CO2 and methanol method have made much progress in the synthesis process and development of catalysts. The key to the industrial application of DMC synthesis technology is the design and development of high-performance catalysts. Therefore, this paper reviews the research status of the methanol oxidative carbonylation method, gas-phase methyl nitrite method, and direct synthesis method of CO2 and methanol in the aspects of new catalyst design, catalyst preparation, and catalytic mechanism, and puts forward the problems to be solved and the future development direction of DMC catalysts.
“…[68] Curnutt and Harley pioneered the invention of catalysts for the vapor phase DMC synthesis processes. CuCl 2 catalysts supported on activated carbon were found to have acceptable catalytic activity but low stability, [71] as the chloride loss causes catalyst deactivation, this method is rarely used in industry. This process for synthesizing DMC has several disadvantages.…”
Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is a commonly used and environmentally sustainable chemical compound and intermediate in a variety of industrial applications. To date, several large‐scale industrial DMC synthesis routes have been developed, including methanol phosgenation, transesterification, and oxidative carbonylation of methanol. However, these manufacturing routes have several disadvantages, such as the use of hypertoxic phosgene as raw material, costly processing, and explosion risks. The most encouraging and ecofriendly path is the green production of DMC from CO2 and methanol. Various catalytic materials have been examined concerning their suitability for DMC synthesis. The issues of low yield and difficulty in tests have not been resolved fundamentally, which is caused by the inherent problems of the synthetic pathway and limitations imposed by thermodynamics. The search for more efficient production routes has driven the activation of CO2 via electro‐assisted synthesis as well as membrane reactors, which can isolate products in real‐time to maximize DMC yield. The green synthesis of dimethyl carbonate catalyzed by different catalysts including Zr/Ce/Cu‐based nanocomposites, organometallic compounds, heteropoly acid, ionic liquid, metal‐organic frameworks, etc, is discussed in detail. Further, the structure–activity relationships and insights into molecular activation and catalytic mechanisms, as well as the identification of active sites on catalysts are addressed.
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