Core/Shell Dual‐Responsive Nanocarriers via Iron‐Mineralized Electrostatic Self‐Assembly for Precise Pesticide Delivery

Abstract

It is desirable for a simple and universal method to synthesize stimuli‐responsive nanocarriers to targeted delivery of pesticides. In this study, a novel pH‐value and laccase dual‐responsive nanopesticide system loaded with lambda‐cyhalothrin (LC) is established by iron mineralization after electrostatic self‐assembly between sodium lignosulphonate (SL) and dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (DDBAC). These nanoparticles are core–shell structures in which iron mineralization plays a key role in stabilizing the nanoparticles. This synthesis strategy is suitable for encapsulating hydrophobic and low‐volatility compounds. The encapsulation of the nanocarriers prolongs the half‐life of the LC under UV irradiation by 4.4‐fold. After irradiation, the mortality of Agrotis ipsilon treated by the LC@SL/DDBAC/Fe is approximately 39% higher than that treated by emulsifiable concentrate (EC) at the concentration of 1 mg L−1. The dual‐responsive property of lignin‐based nanoplatform to alkalinity and laccase enable cargo release on demand. Although the toxicity of EC and LC@SL/DDBAC/Fe to A. ipsilon is similar, that of LC@SL/DDBAC/Fe to Brachydanio rerio is decreased by 11.57‐fold, and the toxicity selective pressure is enhanced by 11‐fold compared with EC. The SL/DDBAC/Fe nanocarriers represent a simple preparation procedure, excellent environmental safety, and dual‐responsive release profiles and can offer a promising nanoplatform for precise pesticide delivery.

Toward Sustainable Crop Protection: Aqueous Dispersions of Biodegradable Particles with Tunable Release and Rainfastness

“…The development of intensive agriculture techniques and agrochemicals, especially pesticides, in the mid-20 th century are responsible for feeding the bulk of global population today. [1][2][3] About 4.1 million tons of pesticides were applied globally in 2018, which contributed to protecting almost 30% output of assembly, wherein a high surface area to volume ratio is desirable for enhanced adhesion/encapsulation of AIs for controlled release applications. [18] To prepare nanoscale particles of CEs, various bottom-up techniques such as emulsification-evaporation, solvent displacement, and dialysis have been developed; [19][20][21] however the use of high boiling point organic and chlorinated solvents, [18,19] additional polymers as stabilizing agents taken together with the risk of polymer degradation during the sonication process [19] are significant impediments to the use of these approaches for drug/AI encapsulation applications.…”

“…The development of intensive agriculture techniques and agrochemicals, especially pesticides, in the mid‐20 th century are responsible for feeding the bulk of global population today. [ 1–3 ] About 4.1 million tons of pesticides were applied globally in 2018, which contributed to protecting almost 30% output of global agricultural products. [ 1,4–6 ] The importance of pesticides notwithstanding, negative impacts on terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity, deleterious effects on non‐target organisms, increased pathogen resistance, and accumulation in the food chain are some of the negative effects because of the overuse of pesticides.…”

“…Controlled release formulations bond or encapsulate the AI within a micro/nanoscale carrier typically developed from a polymer. [2,3,8,9] Traditional pesticide delivery methods involve larger application volumes of AI, with approximately 90% wasted on nontargets, or through environmental loss and degradation. [1,5] In contrast, controlled release formulations can help tailor the bioavailability of a small quantity of AI based on crop and soil environment requirements while minimizing operation hazards and reducing the inhalation and contact toxicity of the pesticides to the non-targets.…”

Recent Advances on Lignocellulosic-Based Nanopesticides for Agricultural Applications

“…Chemical modifications in lignin to control their interactions with water and solubility (Balakshin and Capanema, 2015;Agustin et al, 2019;Falsini et al, 2019;Ma et al, 2020;Machado et al, 2020), also facilitate their use in nano-enabled strategies for agriculture. For instance, sodium lignosulfonate can electrostatically interact with other polymers [e.g., chitosan (Li et al, 2019)], and cationic surfactant [e.g., dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (Zhang et al, 2021a), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (Peng et al, 2020)] by selfassembly to form stimuli-responsive nanopesticides (Table 1).…”

Fabrication of Dual Self-Healing Multifunctional Coating Based on Multicompartment Microcapsules

“…Multicompartment microcapsules are capable of integrating multiple functions in different microcontainers with a single material. − Design and preparation of multicompartment microcapsules can store PCMs and release active materials, while producing micro- or nanoscale hierarchical surface structures. Thus far, several existing studies on the fabrication of multicompartment microcapsules have been conducted. − For instance, Neumann et al fabricated a multicompartment microcapsule by absorbing electrostatic attraction of negatively charged nanocapsules onto positively charged melamine-formaldehyde-polyethyleneimine microcapsules . Lay-by-layer self-assembly techniques had been adopted to prepare multicompartment microcapsules.…”