Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19–SARS-CoV-2) and Nutrition: Is Infection in Italy Suggesting a Connection?

Cena, Hellas; Chieppa, Marcello

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.00944

Cited by 63 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Diabetes is the most common comorbidity observed in infected deceased patients in Italy, after hypertension ( 30 ). Furthermore, recent data showed a high prevalence of obesity (26%) and overweight (41%) in 928 Italian patients, median age 65 years, from 76 different Italian ICUs, confirming evidence available so far in the literature supporting impaired immune response to viral infections ( 31 ). Therefore, beyond the infectious capacity of this virus, it is important to focus on those elements of modern society which could increase citizens' vulnerability, including diet, lifestyle and environmental factors, strictly linked to morbidity and mortality for all Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) ( 32 , 33 ).…”

Section: Citizen Fortificationsupporting

confidence: 79%

Rethinking Urban and Food Policies to Improve Citizens Safety After COVID-19 Pandemic

et al. 2020

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The ongoing pandemic caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is literally changing the world. From December 2019 to date, more than 22 million cases have been reported worldwide and global health institutions are acting to slow down the virus transmission and are looking for possible prevention strategies in case of a new outbreak. As in other endemic or pandemic phenomena, the issues mostly covered by scientific and media attention are related to the diagnostic and therapeutic approach of COVID-19. However, a still neglected issue regards the adoption of a more systemic approach considering the close connection among the infection, the environment, and human behaviors, including the role of diet and urban management. To shed light on this issue, we brought together a faculty group involving experts in environment and biodiversity, food safety, human nutrition, and behavior, bioprospecting, as well as medical doctors having a deep knowledge of the complex historical relationship between humanity and vector-borne infections. Two main aspects emerged from the integrative overview of the current COVID-19 pandemic: (i) the scientific community should start sharing social actions and policy advocacy based on the assumption that human health strongly depends upon a sustainable exploitation of natural resources in populated areas; (ii) the specific strategic role of the cities in developing sustainable food systems and promoting healthy dietary patterns. Definitely, some priority issues should be addressed to achieve these goals, such as global efforts to increase food safety and security, which would benefit from urban and peri-urban agriculture enhancement, smallholder food producers support, and ecosystem services and local biodiversity maintenance.

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Section: Citizen Fortificationsupporting

confidence: 79%

Rethinking Urban and Food Policies to Improve Citizens Safety After COVID-19 Pandemic

et al. 2020

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“…This deteriorated nutritional status seems to be involved in the virulence of the virus, and probably in the clinical outcome. In this regard, studies conducted in Italy have demonstrated the importance of maintaining/recovering an adequate nutritional status in the clinical outcomes of the patients [89,90].…”

Section: Protein-energy Malnutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key Aspects in Nutritional Management of COVID-19 Patients

Fernández‐Quintela

Milton-Laskíbar

Trepiana

et al. 2020

JCM

122

114

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This review deals with the relationship among nutrition, the immune system, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The influence of nutrients and bioactive molecules present in foodstuffs on immune system activity, the influence of COVID-19 on the nutritional status of the patients, and the dietary recommendations for hospitalized patients are addressed. Deficient nutritional status is probably due to anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hypoalbuminemia, hypermetabolism, and excessive nitrogen loss. There is limited knowledge regarding the nutritional support during hospital stay of COVID-19 patients. However, nutritional therapy appears as first-line treatment and should be implemented into standard practice. Optimal intake of all nutrients, mainly those playing crucial roles in immune system, should be assured through a diverse and well-balanced diet. Nevertheless, in order to reduce the risk and consequences of infections, the intakes for some micronutrients may exceed the recommended dietary allowances since infections and other stressors can reduce micronutrient status. In the case of critically ill patients, recently published guidelines are available for their nutritional management. Further, several natural bioactive compounds interact with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, the gateway for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Natural bioactive compounds can also reduce the inflammatory response induced by SARS-CoV-2. These compounds are potential beneficial tools in the nutritional management of COVID-19 patients.

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“…The nutritional status of the human body plays a pivotal role in developing an effective and appropriately balanced immune response to pathogenic viruses (9). Recent studies confirmed the importance of host nutritional status in surviving the COVID-19 challenge (6,10,11). The protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) causes an imbalanced immune response to viral pathogens that can result in infiltration of the lungs by inflammatory cells and the development of pneumonitis following viral infection (12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of the vitamins (A, pyridoxine, cobalamin, folate, C, D, and E) and trace minerals such as Zn, Cu, Se, and Fe takes the crucial role to maintain and support the immune system (6). Balanced nutrition and intake of nutrients in appropriate amounts and composition may reduce the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and their side effects in COVID-19 patients (10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Impact Potential of Supplemental Nutrients as Adjuncts of Therapy in High-Risk COVID-19 for Obese Patients

Şahin

Orhan

Uckun³

et al. 2020

Front. Nutr.

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The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) in China at the end of 2019 caused a major global pandemic and continues to be an unresolved global health crisis. The supportive care interventions for reducing the severity of symptoms along with participation in clinical trials of investigational treatments are the mainstay of COVID-19 management because there is no effective standard therapy for COVID-19. The comorbidity of COVID-19 rises in obese patients. Micronutrients may boost the host immunity against viral infections, including COVID-19. In this review, we discuss the clinical impact potential of supplemental nutrients as adjuncts of therapy in high-risk COVID-19 for obese patients.

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Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19–SARS-CoV-2) and Nutrition: Is Infection in Italy Suggesting a Connection?

Cited by 63 publications

References 58 publications

Rethinking Urban and Food Policies to Improve Citizens Safety After COVID-19 Pandemic

Rethinking Urban and Food Policies to Improve Citizens Safety After COVID-19 Pandemic

Key Aspects in Nutritional Management of COVID-19 Patients

Clinical Impact Potential of Supplemental Nutrients as Adjuncts of Therapy in High-Risk COVID-19 for Obese Patients

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