Correction: Occurrence of Natural Vertical Transmission of Dengue-2 and Dengue-3 Viruses in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil

Abstract

Background: Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus perform an important role in the transmission of the dengue virus to human populations, particularly in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Despite a lack of understanding in relation to the maintenance of the dengue virus in nature during interepidemic periods, the vertical transmission of the dengue virus in populations of A. aegypti and A. albopictus appears to be of significance in relation to the urban scenario of Fortaleza.Methods: From March 2007 to July 2009 collections of larvae and pupae of Aedes spp were carried out in 40 neighborhoods of Fortaleza. The collections yielded 3,417 (91%) A. aegypti mosquitoes and 336 (9%) A. albopictus mosquitoes. Only pools containing females, randomly chosen, were submitted to the following tests indirect immunofluorescence (virus isolation), RT-PCR/nested-PCR and nucleotide sequencing at the C-prM junction of the dengue virus genome. Results:The tests on pool 34 (35 A. albopictus mosquitoes) revealed with presence of DENV-3, pool 35 (50 A. aegypti mosquitoes) was found to be infected with DENV-2, while pool 49 (41 A. albopictus mosquitoes) revealed the simultaneous presence of DENV-2 and DENV-3. Based on the results obtained, there was a minimum infection rate of 0.5 for A. aegypti and 9.4 for A. albopictus. The fragments of 192 bp and 152 bp related to DENV-3, obtained from pools 34 and 49, was registered in GenBank with the access codes HM130699 and JF261696, respectively. Conclusions:This study recorded the first natural evidence of the vertical transmission of the dengue virus in populations of A. aegypti and A. albopictus collected in Fortaleza, Ceara ´State, Brazil, opening a discuss on the epidemiological significance of this mechanism of viral transmission in the local scenario, particularly with respect to the maintenance of these viruses in nature during interepidemic periods.

Natural Infection of Aedes aegypti by Chikungunya and Dengue type 2 Virus in a Transition Area of North-Northeast Brazil

“…The occurrence of Ae. albopictus arouses interest from health agencies, since, despite this vector having not been incriminated in the transmission of arboviruses in Brazil, adults and immature forms of this species have already been found naturally infected by DENV and ZIKV in Brazilian territory [66][67][68]. In addition, studies indicate the possibility of participation of Brazilian populations of this mosquito in the transmission of DENV, ZIKV, and CHIKV [69][70][71].…”

An Updated Review of the Invasive Aedes albopictus in the Americas; Geographical Distribution, Host Feeding Patterns, Arbovirus Infection, and the Potential for Vertical Transmission of Dengue Virus

“…When only DENV in vertical transmission was analyzed (Figure 1A,B), 57 positive pools of 6,883 mosquitoes were found [55,57,58,60,61,[63][64][65][66][67][68]. Meanwhile, in horizontal transmission, 17 positive pools of 1,552 mosquitoes were found [11,52,54,55,60].…”

“…Notably, 66.66% (16/24) of the publications reported the genome of the dengue virus in the Asian mosquito, although the presence was confirmed in only four studies via viral isolation [57,58,61,66]. In decreasing order, the most frequent serotypes in the publications are DENV-2 (n = 8), DENV-3 (n = 5), DENV-1 (n = 4), and DENV-4 (n = 3).…”

“…albopictus naturally infected with the dengue and Zika viruses come from Brazil, Mexico, Colombia, and Costa Rica, which are dengueendemic countries and between 2014 and 2018 there was active transmission of the Zika virus [10,11,14,47,[52][53][54][55][57][58][59][60][61][63][64][65][66][67][68]. Notably, in 9 out of 10 studies carried out in Brazil, dengue (all serotypes), Zika, and yellow fever viruses were transmitted through a transovarial route [47,[57][58][59][63][64][65][66]68]. Future studies should focus on finding out if there is an evolutionary relationship of arbovirus adaptation with vertical transmission of Ae.…”

“…Two studies carried out in Costa Rica and Colombia reported both types of transmission [55,60]. In 14 publications on vertical transmission [47,55,[57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68], 19,435 mosquitoes organized in 792 pools were tested. Overall, 8.45% (67/792) of the pools were positive.…”