Correlation between dry eye and refractive error in Saudi young adults using noninvasive Keratograph 4

Fahmy, Rania; Aldarwesh, Amal

doi:10.4103/ijo.ijo_1103_17

Cited by 20 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…These results are consistent with those previously reported. For example, the NITBUT readings obtained within a group of Saudi young females ( N = 126) were found to be significantly lower among subjects with myopia and hyperopia compared with those recorded in a normal eye group [ 30 ]. However, the TMH readings recorded among myopic and hyperopic subjects showed normal eye readings [ 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the NITBUT readings obtained within a group of Saudi young females ( N = 126) were found to be significantly lower among subjects with myopia and hyperopia compared with those recorded in a normal eye group [ 30 ]. However, the TMH readings recorded among myopic and hyperopic subjects showed normal eye readings [ 30 ]. The prevalence of dry eye among myopic, emmetropic, and hypermetropic subjects was 36.5, 24.6, and 17.4%, respectively [ 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of Tear Ferning Patterns in Young Female Subjects with Refractive Errors

Alanazi

El‐Hiti

Al-Madani

et al. 2021

Journal of Ophthalmology

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To evaluate the dry eye symptoms and ocular tear film in young female subjects with refractive errors (RE) using the ocular surface disease index (OSDI), phenol red thread (PRT) and tear ferning (TF) tests. Methods. A group of 50 young female subjects (mean ± standard division = 20.3 ± 1.1 years) with RE (−0.25 to −6.00D) completed the study. An age-matched control group consisting of 50 healthy normal eye female subjects (22.2 ± 1.5 years) was recruited for comparison. The OSDI was completed first, followed by PRT and TF tests. Results. Median OSDI and TF scores were significantly higher (Mann–Whitney test; P < 0.001 ) among the study group subjects [median (interquartile range (IQR)) = 13.5 (15.3) and 1.6 (1.3), respectively] compared to the control group [6.0 (4.0) and 0.9 (0.8), respectively], whereas the median PRT score was significantly lower (Mann–Whitney test; P = 0.003 ) in the study group [(27.5 (6.3) mm] compared to the control group [29.5 (5.0) mm]. For subjects within the mild RE group (N = 30), significant differences (Mann–Whitney test, P < 0.001 to 0.005) were found between the median OSDI, PRT, and TF scores and those recorded within the control group. For the subjects with moderate RE (N = 20), significant differences (Mann–Whitney test, P < 0.001 to 0.002) were found between the median OSDI and TF scores, and those recorded within the control group. Conclusion. The presence of RE in young females has a negative effect on tear film in terms of dry eye symptoms, tear volume, and TF grades. Dry eye symptoms experienced by subjects with RE and the TF grades were significantly higher compared with the control group. In addition, the tear volume was significantly lower in the study group. Clearly, RE has a risk factor for dry eye.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Tear Ferning Patterns in Young Female Subjects with Refractive Errors

Alanazi

El‐Hiti

Al-Madani

et al. 2021

Journal of Ophthalmology

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“…In our study too, maximum cases with refractive error were found to be myopic (Spherical equivalent: -2.21±1.45D). 10 Prevalence of dry eye was also found to be more in myopic children in the study by Fahmy et al 16 Moon et al observed that an average of 5.46 hours was spent on smartphone and VDTs and a meagre 1.47 hours on outdoor activities in the affected group. Similar values were noted in the Category-A of the affected group in our study with an average of 5.33 hours spent on smartphones and VDTs and 1.32 hours spent outdoors.…”

Section: Djomentioning

confidence: 88%

Relationship between Smartphone Use and Dry Eye Symptoms in Children

Dash¹

2019

DJO

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Purpose: To study the relationship between smartphone use and dry eye disease (DED) in pediatric age group. Materials & methods: A prospective, quasi-experimental study of 78 children diagnosed with DED (as per International Dry Eye Workshop guidelines) was conducted at a tertiary care hospital, Odisha over the duration of 9 months from July 2016-March 2017. Questions on time of smartphone/other visual display terminal use, continuous reading hour, outdoor activity were asked to older children and parents of younger children. Symptoms were noted and the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score calculated. Ocular examination including slit lamp, inter blink interval (IBI), tear-film breakup time (TBUT) & Schirmer's test (ST) done. The patients were divided into Category A (continuous smartphone use for >/=1hr) & Category B (use for <1hr at a stretch/intermittent use). Results: Of the 78 children (43.6% rural & 56.4% urban) 88.4% belonged to Category A and 11.6% to Category B. Mean IBI in Category A was 2.89s & in Category B it was 4.32s, mean TBUT was measured at 8.87 s and 9s in both the categories respectively, and a Schirmer's value of <10mm without anaesthesia in both the categories. Patients were reviewed again after discontinuing use of smartphone for 1 month. Improvement in symptoms and dry eye scores noted with the values being statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: Smartphone use continuously for longer time can lead to symptoms of DED in children. With increasing smartphone use among younger population this is a cause of concern.

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“…50,70 Cyclosporine A for the Treatment of Surgically Induced Dry Eye Surgical intervention is sometimes required to address ophthalmic diseases. 6,13,61 Glaucoma, a major cause of blindness, is often treated with topical medications, but when medications are ineffective or contraindicated, surgery may be necessary. 13 Visually significant cataracts may also require surgical removal.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Action Of Cyclosporine Amentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,4 Dry eye is commonly seen alongside many ocular disorders including glaucoma, cataracts, and refractive errors. [5][6][7] Pharmacological treatments for ocular disorders often contain preservatives such as benzalkonium chloride. 8 These preservatives can cause DED signs and symptoms including decreased epithelial cell integrity, increased epithelial cell apoptosis, eye irritation, and increased risk for ocular allergies and delayed hypersensitivity reactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>A Review of the Mechanism of Action of Cyclosporine A: The Role of Cyclosporine A in Dry Eye Disease and Recent Formulation Developments</p>

Periman¹,

Mah²,

Karpecki³

2020

OPTH

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Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease of the ocular surface and tear film that has gained awareness as a public health problem. Characteristics of DED include tear film instability, hyperosmolarity, and ocular surface inflammation, which can occur independently or may be a sequela of numerous ocular diseases, ocular surgery or contact lens wear. Much has been learned about the impact of the disease to help affected individuals who report symptoms of poor vision, pain, and tearing. Recently, new research highlights the importance of the role of ocular surface inflammation and damage in DED—leading to a vicious cycle of inflammation as well as loss of tear film homeostasis. DED immunopathophysiology is characterized by four stages: initiation, amplification, recruitment, and re-initiation. Cyclosporine is proven to be a valuable ophthalmic therapeutic for DED through its immunomodulatory actions and regulation of the adaptive immune response. Cyclosporine mechanism of action is well described in the published literature and the myriad of benefits in all four stages lend a broad-based immunomodulatory function particularly suitable for addressing DED. Furthermore, cyclosporine has unique goblet cell density improvement capabilities as well as anti-apoptotic properties. Topical formulations of cyclosporine are centered around addressing the highly lipophilic nature of the molecule. The poor aqueous solubility of cyclosporine traditionally presented technical challenges in drug delivery to the ocular surface. Newer formulations such as cationic emulsions and nanomicellar aqueous solutions address formulation, tissue concentration, and drug delivery challenges.

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Correlation between dry eye and refractive error in Saudi young adults using noninvasive Keratograph 4

Cited by 20 publications

References 38 publications

Analysis of Tear Ferning Patterns in Young Female Subjects with Refractive Errors

Analysis of Tear Ferning Patterns in Young Female Subjects with Refractive Errors

Relationship between Smartphone Use and Dry Eye Symptoms in Children

<p>A Review of the Mechanism of Action of Cyclosporine A: The Role of Cyclosporine A in Dry Eye Disease and Recent Formulation Developments</p>

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