Correlation of the rain erosion performance of polymers to mechanical and surface properties measured using nanoindentation

O'Carroll, Anthony; Hardiman, M.; Tobin, Edmond F.; Young, Trevor

doi:10.1016/j.wear.2018.07.008

Cited by 29 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…O'Carrol et al studied multiple liquid impact erosion of various polymer, including extruded PC, polyethylene (PE), PE terephthalate (PET), and polypropylene (PP), and cast (PMMA‐C, poly(methyl methacrylate)) and extruded (PMMA‐E). PMMA and PET showed bad results as compared with PC, PE, and PP.…”

Section: Polymer Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Surface roughness has a profound effect on the droplet/surface interaction . As reviewed in O'Carroll et al, smooth surface is preferable for the antierosion coatings, since asperities on surface serve as damage initiation sites . Also, Kirols et al observed that improving the surface quality by reducing initial surface roughness allows delay of erosion (however, this observation was made for metallic coatings).…”

Section: Structured Coatings Surfaces: Surface Roughnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…24 • Reduction of storage modulus of coating is beneficial for the erosion resistance. 25 • Recovery of material after impact: short time, quick recovery of materials following impact is important for erosion resistance. 25,26 There are conflicting results with view on hardness and stiffness of coatings.…”

Section: Erosion Predictorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…25 • Recovery of material after impact: short time, quick recovery of materials following impact is important for erosion resistance. 25,26 There are conflicting results with view on hardness and stiffness of coatings. 22,25 At least, in several works, it was reported that hard, rigid materials show more intensive erosion and lower abrasion resistance than flexible.…”

Section: Erosion Predictorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…25,26 There are conflicting results with view on hardness and stiffness of coatings. 22,25 At least, in several works, it was reported that hard, rigid materials show more intensive erosion and lower abrasion resistance than flexible. 23,24 In Sigamani, 20 also the effect of PU hardness on the erosion mechanisms was studied.…”

Section: Erosion Predictorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toolbox for optimizing anti‐erosion protective coatings of wind turbine blades: Overview of mechanisms and technical solutions

Mishnaevsky

2019

Wind Energy

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Factors and structural parameters of coatings influencing the efficiency of protective coating systems against rain erosion of wind turbine blades are reviewed. The possibilities to enhance the attenuation of wave energy from droplet impact, increase damping and varying stiffness, creating interfaces for wave reflection, adding reinforcement for wave scattering, and creating additional layers or skeleton‐like reinforcing or wave absorbing structures, are discussed in the paper. Formulas for quantitative estimation of these effects as well as qualitative relationships between the structural parameters of coatings and their performance are presented. Recommendations and promising directions for the improvement of the protective coating systems for rain erosion protection of wind turbine blades are presented.

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Section: Polymer Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Structured Coatings Surfaces: Surface Roughnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Erosion Predictorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Erosion Predictorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Erosion Predictorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Toolbox for optimizing anti‐erosion protective coatings of wind turbine blades: Overview of mechanisms and technical solutions

Mishnaevsky

2019

Wind Energy

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A probabilistic long‐term framework for site‐specific erosion analysis of wind turbine blades: A case study of 31 Dutch sites

et al. 2021

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Rain‐induced leading‐edge erosion (LEE) of wind turbine blades (WTBs) is associated with high repair and maintenance costs. The effects of LEE can be triggered in less than 1 to 2 years for some wind turbine sites, whereas it may take several years for others. In addition, the growth of erosion may also differ for different blades and turbines operating at the same site. Hence, LEE is a site‐ and turbine‐specific problem. In this paper, we propose a probabilistic long‐term framework for assessing site‐specific lifetime of a WTB coating system. Case studies are presented for 1.5 and 10 MW wind turbines, where geographic bubble charts for the leading‐edge lifetime and number of repairs expected over the blade's service life are established for 31 sites in the Netherlands. The proposed framework efficiently captures the effects of spatial and orographic features of the sites and wind turbine specifications on LEE calculations. For instance, the erosion is highest at the coastal sites and for sites located at higher altitudes. In addition, erosion is faster for turbines associated with higher tip speeds, and the effects are critical for such sites where the exceedance probability for rated wind conditions are high. The study will aid in the development of efficient operation and maintenance strategies for wind farms.

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Mechanical and interfacial characterisation of leading‐edge protection materials for wind turbine blade applications

et al. 2022

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Modern wind turbine blades experience tip speeds that can exceed 110 m/s. At such speeds, water droplet impacts can cause erosion of the leading edge, which can have a detrimental effect on the performance of the wind turbine blade. More specifically, rain erosion is leading to both reduced efficiency and increased repair costs. The industry is using polymeric coatings—leading‐edge protection (LEP) materials—to protect the blades but those are also prone to rain erosion. In this work, LEP materials that are currently used by the industry for the protection of wind turbine blades were selected and their performance assessed. The LEP materials were characterised in terms of mechanical properties by using different experimental methods, and they were also assessed in terms of durability by performing rain erosion testing (RET). Finally, the damage and failure mechanisms observed were further investigated using CT scanning. This paper provides an insight to the properties of LEP materials, their durability, and the damage and failure mechanisms they experienced during rain erosion.

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Correlation of the rain erosion performance of polymers to mechanical and surface properties measured using nanoindentation

Cited by 29 publications

References 24 publications

Toolbox for optimizing anti‐erosion protective coatings of wind turbine blades: Overview of mechanisms and technical solutions

Toolbox for optimizing anti‐erosion protective coatings of wind turbine blades: Overview of mechanisms and technical solutions

A probabilistic long‐term framework for site‐specific erosion analysis of wind turbine blades: A case study of 31 Dutch sites

Mechanical and interfacial characterisation of leading‐edge protection materials for wind turbine blade applications

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