Correlation of ultrasound-induced hemolysis with cavitation detector output in vitro

Everbach, E. Carr; Makin, Inder Raj S.; Azadniv, Mitra; Meltzer, Richard S.

doi:10.1016/s0301-5629(97)00039-2

Cited by 110 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…High-energy pulsed focused ultrasound systems use periodic tone bursts which allow for variation in duty cycle as well as intensity and exposure duration. Inertial cavitation, which is responsible for cell lysis, is dependent on pulse duration (Madanshetty et al, 1991;Everbach et al, 1997;Chang et al, 2001;Chen et al, 2003;Tu et al, 2006) and the pulse repetition frequency (Sapozhnikov et al, 2002;Chen et al, 2003;Xu et al, 2013). In previous studies (Xu et al, 2013;Bigelow et al, 2014), time averaged powers of 2.2-26 W were used to lyse soft tissue and microaglae, which is considerably less than the power required to lyse cells using sonicator horn technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow rate and duty cycle effects in lysis of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii using high-energy pulsed focused ultrasound

Riesberg

Bigelow

Stessman

et al. 2014

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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To consider microalgae lipid biofuel as a viable energy source, it is a necessity to maximize algal cell lysis, lipid harvest, and thus biofuel production versus the energy used to lyse the cells. Previous techniques have been to use energy consumptive ultrasound waves in the 10-40 kHz range in a stationary exposure environment. This study evaluated the potential of using 1.1 MHz ultrasound pulses in a new flow through type chamber on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as a model organism for cell breakage. The ultrasound was generated using a spherically focused transducer with a focal length of 6.34 cm and an active diameter of 6.36 cm driven by 20 cycle sine-wave tone bursts at varied pulse repetition frequencies. First, variations in flow rate were examined at a constant duty cycle of 3.6%. After assessing flow rates, the duty cycle was varied to further explore the dependence on the tone burst parameters. Cell lysis was assessed by quantifying protein and chlorophyll release into the supernatant as well as by lipid extractability. Appropriate flow rates with higher duty cycles led to statistically significant increases in cell lysis relative to controls and other exposure conditions. KeywordsGenetics Development and Cell Biology, Food Science and Human Nutrition, biofuels, cells, cytology, ultrasonics, biofuel production, chlamydomonas reinhardtii, exposure conditions, focused transducer, focused ultrasound, high-energy pulsed, pulse repetition frequencies, flow rate Flow rate and duty cycle effects in lysis of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii using high-energy pulsed focused ultrasound To consider microalgae lipid biofuel as a viable energy source, it is a necessity to maximize algal cell lysis, lipid harvest, and thus biofuel production versus the energy used to lyse the cells. Previous techniques have been to use energy consumptive ultrasound waves in the 10-40 kHz range in a stationary exposure environment. This study evaluated the potential of using 1.1 MHz ultrasound pulses in a new flow through type chamber on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as a model organism for cell breakage. The ultrasound was generated using a spherically focused transducer with a focal length of 6.34 cm and an active diameter of 6.36 cm driven by 20 cycle sine-wave tone bursts at varied pulse repetition frequencies. First, variations in flow rate were examined at a constant duty cycle of 3.6%. After assessing flow rates, the duty cycle was varied to further explore the dependence on the tone burst parameters. Cell lysis was assessed by quantifying protein and chlorophyll release into the supernatant as well as by lipid extractability. Appropriate flow rates with higher duty cycles led to statistically significant increases in cell lysis relative to controls and other exposure conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow rate and duty cycle effects in lysis of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii using high-energy pulsed focused ultrasound

Riesberg

Bigelow

Stessman

et al. 2014

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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“…The quality of cavitation also may need to be quantified as well as the temporal characteristics for a more accurate correlation with erosion. Some researchers have attempted to measure the dose of inertial cavitation through acoustic backscatter (e.g., broadband noise amplitude) and related to biological effects [8], [13], [34], [39]. Unfortunately, we have had difficulty extracting broadband noise from the fundamental, harmonic, and subharmonic frequency dominating backscatter signals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new strategy to enhance cavitational tissue erosion using a high-intensity, initiating sequence

Fowlkes

Cain

2006

IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelect., Freq. Contr.

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Our previous studies have shown that pulsed ultrasound can physically remove soft tissue through cavitation. A new strategy to enhance the cavitation-induced erosion is proposed wherein tissue erosion is initiated by a short, high-intensity sequence of pulses and sustained by lower intensity pulses. We investigated effects of the initiating sequence on erosion and cavitation sustained by lower intensity pulses. Multiple three-cycle pulses at a pulse repetition frequency of 20 kHz delivered by a 788-kHz focused transducer were used for tissue erosion. Fixing the initiating sequence at I SPPA of 9000 W/cm 2 , 16 combinations of different numbers of pulses within the initiating sequence and different sustaining pulse intensities were tested. Results showed: the initiating sequence increases the probability of erosion occurrence and the erosion rate with only slight overall increases in propagated energy; the initiating sequence containing more pulses does not increase the sustained cavitation period; and if extinguished and reinitiated, the sustained cavitation period becomes shorter after each initiation, although the waiting time between adjacent cavitation periods is random. The high-intensity, initiating sequence enhances cavitational tissue erosion and enables erosion at intensities significantly lower than what is required to initiate erosion.

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“…Previous investigators have used both active and passive cavitation detection techniques (Everbach 1997;Holland and Apfel 1990;Holland et al 1992;Leighton 1997;Roy et al 1990; Thomas et al 2005). Active cavitation detection is preferable when very high spatial resolution is required and it is desirable to observe individual cavitation events.…”

Section: Passive Cavitation Detection Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of cavitation with ultrasound enhancement of thrombolysis

Datta

Coussios

McAdory

et al. 2006

Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology

255

238

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Pulsed ultrasound, when used as an adjuvant to recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA), has been shown to enhance thrombolysis in the laboratory as well as in clinical trials for the treatment of ischemic stroke. The exact mechanism of this enhancement has not yet been elucidated. In this work, stable and inertial cavitation (SC and IC) are investigated as possible mechanisms for this enhancement. A passive cavitation detection scheme was utilized to measure cavitation thresholds at 120 kHz (80% duty cycle, 1667 Hz pulse repetition frequency) for four host fluid and sample combinations: plasma, plasma with rt-PA, plasma with clot and plasma with clot and rt-PA. Following cavitation threshold determination, clots were exposed to pulsed ultrasound for 30 min in vitro using three separate ultrasound treatment regimes: (1) no cavitation (0.15 MPa), (2) SC alone (0.24 MPa) or (3) SC + IC combined (0.36 MPa) in the presence of rt-PA. Percent clot mass loss after each treatment was used to determine thrombolysis efficacy. The highest percent mass loss was observed in the stable cavitation regime (26%), followed by the combined stable and inertial cavitation regime (20.7%). Interestingly, the percent mass loss in clots exposed to ultrasound without cavitation (13.7%) was not statistically significantly different from rt-PA alone (13%) [p > 0.05]. Significant enhancement of thrombolysis correlates with presence of cavitation and stable cavitation appears to play a more important role in the enhancement of thrombolysis.

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Correlation of ultrasound-induced hemolysis with cavitation detector output in vitro

Cited by 110 publications

References 26 publications

Flow rate and duty cycle effects in lysis of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii using high-energy pulsed focused ultrasound

Flow rate and duty cycle effects in lysis of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii using high-energy pulsed focused ultrasound

A new strategy to enhance cavitational tissue erosion using a high-intensity, initiating sequence

Correlation of cavitation with ultrasound enhancement of thrombolysis

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