“…These changes in synchrony are important not only for understanding the mechanism of the underlying pathology, but also as a potential non-invasive biological diagnostic ( Gandal et al, 2012 ), which may be detectable early in the disease process, and for developing treatments ( Strüber and Herrmann, 2020 ). As a core cognitive function, the impairment of WM appears in many different disorders including schizophrenia ( Park and Holzman, 1992 ; Goldman-Rakic, 1994 ; Roitman et al, 2000 ; Peled et al, 2001 ; Kim et al, 2003 ; Micheloyannis et al, 2006 ; Basar-Eroglu et al, 2007 ; Haenschel et al, 2007 , 2009 ; Badcock et al, 2008 ; Pachou et al, 2008 ; Barr et al, 2010 , 2017 ; Griesmayr et al, 2014 ; Lett et al, 2014 ; Wu et al, 2014 ; Pinal et al, 2015 ; Senkowski and Gallinat, 2015 ; Van Snellenberg et al, 2016 ; Kang et al, 2018 ; Ma et al, 2018 ; Appaji et al, 2020 ; Murphy N. et al, 2020 ), bipolar disorder ( Wu et al, 2014 ; Appaji et al, 2020 ), autism spectrum disorder ( Bangel et al, 2014 ; Rabiee et al, 2018 ), Parkinson’s disease ( Siegert et al, 2008 ; Cools and D’Esposito, 2011 ; Zhao et al, 2018 ; Harrington et al, 2020 ), psychosis ( Gold et al, 2019 ), Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; Martinussen et al, 2005 ; Wolf et al, 2009 ; Matt Alderson et al, 2013 ; Bédard et al, 2014 ; Wu et al, 2017 ; Zammit et al, 2018 ; Jang et al, 2020 ), and depression ( Shan et al, 2018 ). The role of synchronized oscillations in different brain disorders has been thoroughly examined elsewhere ( Uhlhaas and Singer, 2006 ), and there is much recent interest in identifying non-invasive and quantitative signatures for different disorders ( Başar, 2013 ; Nimmrich et al, 2015 ; Asllani et al, 2018 ).…”