Corrigendum to “Metallic microneedles with interconnected porosity: A scalable platform for biosensing and drug delivery” [Acta Biomater. 80 (2018) 401–411]

Advances in biomedical systems based on microneedles: design, fabrication, and application

“…Porous MNs can extract ISF from the skin to the MN substrate or generate drug delivery flow through a network consist-ing of continuous capillary connections. 1,40,88,89 Ceramics and metals have been utilized to manufacture PMNs with different pore diameters, 103,104 but sintering at higher temperatures is typically required to make porous ceramic or metal structures, restricting manufacturing and potential uses. In the presence of porogens, porous polymers for constructing MNs have been developed recently.…”

Microneedle-based transdermal detection and sensing devices

“…39,42 Different from the single-channel hollow microneedles, porous microneedles are featured with internally connected capillary channels. Limited by the stringent conditions in ceramic or metal manufacturing (e.g., processing temperature >1000 °C), 43 porous microneedles are usually made of polymers. However, polymer porous microneedles are also physically brittle.…”

An update on biomaterials as microneedle matrixes for biomedical applications

“…Solid MNs are mainly prepared using some materials with good mechanical properties to enhance skin permeability. [22][23][24] The removal of solid MNs from the skin produces temporary tiny holes to enhance the penetration of drugs. Hollow MNs were typically used for delivering liquid formulations and the drug flow rate and flow rate can be controlled by adjusting the amount of inlet pressure.…”

“…6A). 22,79,80 Palladium and nickel are commonly used materials for preparing hollow metallic MNs by electrodeposition (Fig. 6B).…”