Corticospinal Excitability Preceding the Grasping of Emotion-Laden Stimuli

Nogueira-Campos, Anaelli Aparecida; Oliveira, Laura Alice Santos de; Della‐Maggiore, Valeria; Esteves, Paula Oliveira; Rodrigues, Érika de Carvalho; Vargas, Claudia D.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0094824

Cited by 27 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Thus, observing an action directed to emotion laden-objects may have triggered the motor representations in a predictive way, leading to a valence-laden modulation over the CSE in accordance with the effects that have previously been described during motor preparation (de Oliveira et al, 2012; Nogueira-Campos et al, 2014). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Observing Grasping Actions Directed to Emotion-Laden Objects: Effects upon Corticospinal Excitability

Nogueira-Campos

Saunier

Della‐Maggiore

et al. 2016

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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The motor system is recruited whenever one executes an action as well as when one observes the same action being executed by others. Although it is well established that emotion modulates the motor system, the effect of observing other individuals acting in an emotional context is particularly elusive. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect induced by the observation of grasping directed to emotion-laden objects upon corticospinal excitability (CSE). Participants classified video-clips depicting the right-hand of an actor grasping emotion-laden objects. Twenty video-clips differing in terms of valence but balanced in arousal level were selected. Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were then recorded from the first dorsal interosseous using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) while the participants observed the selected emotional video-clips. During the video-clip presentation, TMS pulses were randomly applied at one of two different time points of grasping: (1) maximum grip aperture, and (2) object contact time. CSE was higher during the observation of grasping directed to unpleasant objects compared to pleasant ones. These results indicate that when someone observes an action of grasping directed to emotion-laden objects, the effect of the object valence promotes a specific modulation over the motor system.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Observing Grasping Actions Directed to Emotion-Laden Objects: Effects upon Corticospinal Excitability

Nogueira-Campos

Saunier

Della‐Maggiore

et al. 2016

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

Self Cite

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“…withdrawal and avoidance. Unpleasant stimuli generally provoke a more pervasive behavioural and physiological reaction 5 – 7 , 31 , 34 – 36 , where corticospinal excitability has been found to be higher for unpleasant stimuli 5 , 37 – 40 , reflecting increased motor preparation. Such studies demonstrate only small modulations in corticospinal excitation by emotions; these changes may not produce an actual movement, yet they will nevertheless influence the execution of future movements 39 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotions alter muscle proprioceptive coding of movements in humans

Ackerley

Aimonetti

Ribot-Ciscar

2017

Sci Rep

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Emotions can evoke strong reactions that have profound influences, from gross changes in our internal environment to small fluctuations in facial muscles, and reveal our feelings overtly. Muscles contain proprioceptive afferents, informing us about our movements and regulating motor activities. Their firing reflects changes in muscle length, yet their sensitivity can be modified by the fusimotor system, as found in animals. In humans, the sensitivity of muscle afferents is modulated by cognitive processes, such as attention; however, it is unknown if emotional processes can modulate muscle feedback. Presently, we explored whether muscle afferent sensitivity adapts to the emotional situation. We recorded from single muscle afferents in the leg, using microneurography, and moved the ankle joint of participants, while they listened to evocative classical music to induce sad, neutral, or happy emotions, or sat passively (no music). We further monitored their physiological responses using skin conductance, heart rate, and electromyography measures. We found that muscle afferent firing was modified by the emotional context, especially for sad emotions, where the muscle spindle dynamic response increased. We suggest that this allows us to prime movements, where the emotional state prepares the body for consequent behaviour-appropriate reactions.

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“…T‐reflex waves and MEPs with peak‐to‐peak amplitude exceeding ±2 SDs within their own recording series were discarded (Nogueira‐Campos et al . ); all the remaining waves were retained, and peak‐to‐peak values were used for statistical analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

One minute static stretch of plantar flexors transiently increases H reflex excitability and exerts no effect on corticospinal pathways

Budini

Gallasch

Christova

et al. 2017

Experimental Physiology

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What is the central question of this study? What mediates neural responses following static stretching, and how long do these influences last? What is the main finding and its importance? This study shows that 1 min of static stretching inhibits the tendon tap reflex and facilitates the H reflex without influencing motor-evoked potentials. The results indicate that at least two different mechanisms mediate neural responses after static stretching. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the neural responses observed after static stretching are mediated by sensitivity of muscle spindles, spinal excitability or cortical excitability and how long these influences last. Nineteen volunteers (25.7 ± 5.6 years old) were tested for the tendon tap reflex (T-reflex), H reflex and motor-evoked potentials on ankle flexors and extensors immediately, 5 and 10 min after 1 min static stretching applied at individual maximal ankle dorsiflexion, as well as immediately, 5 and 10 min after a control period of the same duration. Comparison of measurements collected immediately after stretching or control conditions revealed that the T-reflex was weaker after stretching than after control (-59.2% P = 0.000). The T-reflex showed a slow recovery rate within the first 150 s after stretching, but 5 min after the inhibition had disappeared. The H reflex increased immediately after stretching (+18.3%, P = 0.036), showed a quick tendency to recover and returned to control values within 5 min from stretching. Motor-evoked potentials were not affected by the procedure. These results suggest that 1 min of static stretching primarily decreases muscle spindle sensitivity and facilitates the H reflex, whereas effects on the motor cortex can be excluded.

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Corticospinal Excitability Preceding the Grasping of Emotion-Laden Stimuli

Cited by 27 publications

References 52 publications

Observing Grasping Actions Directed to Emotion-Laden Objects: Effects upon Corticospinal Excitability

Observing Grasping Actions Directed to Emotion-Laden Objects: Effects upon Corticospinal Excitability

Emotions alter muscle proprioceptive coding of movements in humans

One minute static stretch of plantar flexors transiently increases H reflex excitability and exerts no effect on corticospinal pathways

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