2024
DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4255
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Cougars, wolves, and humans drive a dynamic landscape of fear for elk

Taylor R. Ganz,
Melia T. DeVivo,
Aaron J. Wirsing
et al.

Abstract: To manage predation risk, prey navigate a dynamic landscape of fear, or spatiotemporal variation in risk perception, reflecting predator distributions, traits, and activity cycles. Prey may seek to reduce risk across this landscape using habitat at times and in places when predators are less active. In multipredator landscapes, avoiding one predator could increase vulnerability to another, making the landscape of fear difficult to predict and navigate. Additionally, humans may shape interactions between predat… Show more

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Cited by 7 publications
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