Could exotic mosquito-borne diseases emerge in Canada with climate change?

Ng, Victoria; Rees, Erin E.; Lindsay, L. Robbin; Drebot, MA; Brownstone, T; Sadeghieh, Tara; Khan, Salah Ud‐Din

doi:10.14745/ccdr.v45i04a04

Cited by 30 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Following its emergence in Europe, the native European mosquito species such as Ae. geniculate were found to be highly susceptible to chikungunya virus infection and can replace Aedes albopictus in disease epidemiology (Ng et al 2019;Prudhomme et al 2019). The best example for the second possibility is seen by Aedes aegypti which is endemic in Africa.…”

Section: Mosquitomentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatic changes and their role in emergence and re-emergence of diseases

El-Sayed

Kamel

2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

259

145

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Global warming and the associated climate changes are predictable. They are enhanced by burning of fossil fuels and the emission of huge amounts of CO 2 gas which resulted in greenhouse effect. It is expected that the average global temperature will increase with 2-5°C in the next decades. As a result, the earth will exhibit marked climatic changes characterized by extremer weather events in the coming decades, such as the increase in temperature, rainfall, summertime, droughts, more frequent and stronger tornadoes and hurricanes. Epidemiological disease cycle includes host, pathogen and in certain cases intermediate host/vector. A complex mixture of various environmental conditions (e.g. temperature and humidity) determines the suitable habitat/ecological niche for every vector host. The availability of suitable vectors is a precondition for the emergence of vector-borne pathogens. Climate changes and global warming will have catastrophic effects on human, animal and environmental ecosystems. Pathogens, especially neglected tropical disease agents, are expected to emerge and re-emerge in several countries including Europe and North America. The lives of millions of people especially in developing countries will be at risk in direct and indirect ways. In the present review, the role of climate changes in the spread of infectious agents and their vectors is discussed. Examples of the major emerging viral, bacterial and parasitic diseases are also summarized.

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Section: Mosquitomentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatic changes and their role in emergence and re-emergence of diseases

El-Sayed

Kamel

2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

259

145

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“…The articles in this edition of the Canada Communicable Disease Report provide insight into how climate change may increase the number and extent of vector-borne diseases and increase the incidence of foodborne infections in Canada (1)(2)(3)(4). In this editorial, we summarize recent and projected future climate change in Canada; how climate change may affect infectious disease emergence and re-emergence; and how, in light of the changing demographics and health of Canadians, these changes may impact risks from infectious diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change and infectious diseases: What can we expect?

Ogden

Gachon

2019

CCDR

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Recent and future climate change in CanadaWarming trends have accelerated globally, with overall annual air temperature increases of nearly 1 °C during the period 1880-2017 (5). The years 2015 to 2017 were clearly warmer than any previous years (6), and the last three decades were warmer than any decade since 1850 (7). This trend varies geographically, with greater and faster warming over the Arctic and sub-Arctic basins, particularly in northeastern Canada, due to the rapid decrease of sea-ice and snow cover (8,9).Since 1948, the rate of warming in Canada as a whole has been more than two times that of the global mean, and the rate of warming in northern Canada (north of 60°N) has been roughly three times or more the global mean (10). Over northeastern Canada (north of 60°N and east of 110°W), the annual mean temperature has increased by 0.75-1.2 °C per decade over the last three decades compared with around 0.18 °C per decade globally (5). Mean air temperature will continue to increase as greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere continue to rise due to human activities. AbstractGlobal climate change, driven by anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, is being particularly felt in Canada, with warming generally greater than in the rest of the world. Continued warming will be accompanied by changes in precipitation, which will vary across the country and seasons, and by increasing climate variability and extreme weather events.

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“…There is some evidence that not only may these MBDs be more common in humans in Canada than previously thought (5,6) but they may also increase with climate change (7). In addition, there is increasing concern that other MBDs, which are currently endemic in the US, may expand northward into Canada with climate change (8). Furthermore, there will be an increased risk that exotic MBDs, such as dengue and chikungunyaand the mosquitoes that carry them-will become established in Canada.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weather-based forecasting of mosquito-borne disease outbreaks in Canada

Ogden¹,

Lindsay²,

Ludwig³

et al. 2019

CCDR

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Early warning systems to predict infectious disease outbreaks have been identified as a key adaptive response to climate change. Warming, climate variability and extreme weather events associated with climate change are expected to drive an increase in frequency and intensity of mosquito-borne disease (MBD) outbreaks globally. In Canada, this will mean an increased risk of endemic and emerging MBD outbreaks such as West Nile virus and other MBDs. The availability of timely information on the risk of impending MBD outbreaks has important public health implications, by allowing implementation of mosquito control measures and targeted communications regarding the need for increased personal protective measures-before an outbreak occurs. In Canada, both mechanistic and statistical weather-based models have been developed to predict West Nile virus outbreaks. These include models for different species of mosquitoes that transmit West Nile virus in different geographical areas of Canada. Although initial results have been promising, further validation and assessment of forecasting skill are needed before wide scale implementation. Weather-based forecasting for other emerging MBDs in Canada, such as Eastern equine encephalitis, may also be feasible.

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Could exotic mosquito-borne diseases emerge in Canada with climate change?

Cited by 30 publications

References 73 publications

Climatic changes and their role in emergence and re-emergence of diseases

Climatic changes and their role in emergence and re-emergence of diseases

Climate change and infectious diseases: What can we expect?

Weather-based forecasting of mosquito-borne disease outbreaks in Canada

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