Coupling between parallel optical fiber cores--Critical examination

Ankiewicz, Adrian; Snyder, Allan W.; Zheng, X. H.

doi:10.1109/jlt.1986.1074906

Cited by 86 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Consequently, results of magnitudes, the derivation of which relies upon field contributions of order T', are in error. For example, this is the case for the form birefringence of the supermodes due to the broken symmetry of the composite waveguide system as derived by Snyder and Love [ l ] and studied by Ankiewicz et al [6], and consequently for the deduced polarization beam splitting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Two main strategies for the analysis can be distinguished [l]: Within coupled-mode theory [l], [2], [4], [5], the power transfer between the fibers is described by the coupling of the fundamental modes of the fibers due to the presence of a second fiber core. Alternatively it is possible to describe the process by the beating of the two lowest order, even and odd, supermodes of the composite waveguiding structure [ 11, [6], While the first method suffers from incomplete orthogonality of the participating modes, the second one represents an exact concept. In conventional supermode analyses, the fields are constructed by symmetric and antisymmetric superposition of the unperturbed fields of each fiber in isolation from the other.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In conventional supermode analyses, the fields are constructed by symmetric and antisymmetric superposition of the unperturbed fields of each fiber in isolation from the other. Then the propagation constants of the even and odd supermode are obtained: e.g., by perturbation techniques [ 13, [6]- [9] or variational methods [9]. From their difference, the distance of total power transfer, i.e., the half coupling length, is then concluded.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optical fiber couplers: scalar supermodes and polarization corrections

Renner

1992

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Scalar field corrections of first order in weak coupling are constructed for the supermodes of couplers composed of two identical step-index optical fiber cores by a new perturbation technique. The perturbations of the propagation constants lead to the well-known result for the scalar coupling coefficient. However, from the new, corrected fields, the direction dependent polarization corrections are accurately calculated for the first time, yielding accurate results for both the form birefringence and the polarization beam splitting.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optical fiber couplers: scalar supermodes and polarization corrections

Renner

1992

J. Lightwave Technol.

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“…The most widely used technology in making fiber beam splitters is the so-called fused biconical taper technology [28,29]. As is described in Ref.…”

Section: Fused Biconical Taper Beam Splittermentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum hacking on quantum key distribution using homodyne detection

et al. 2014

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Imperfect devices in commercial quantum key distribution systems open security loopholes that an eavesdropper may exploit. An example of one such imperfection is the wavelength dependent coupling ratio of the fiber beam splitter. Utilizing this loophole, the eavesdropper can vary the transmittances of the fiber beam splitter at the receiver's side by inserting lights with wavelengths different from what is normally used. Here, we propose a wavelength attack on a practical continuous-variable quantum key distribution system using homodyne detection. By inserting light pulses at different wavelengths, this attack allows the eavesdropper to bias the shot noise estimation even if it is done in real time. Based on experimental data, we discuss the feasibility of this attack and suggest a prevention scheme by improving the previously proposed countermeasures.

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“…Twin-core fiber [2,27] is the most interest in multi-core fibers, and is usually used to equal pumping based on the modes weak-coupling between both cores. The coupling length may reach over 10 m when both cores are separated away enough [28].…”

Section: Multi-core Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%