Covariations in oceanic dimethyl sulfide, its oxidation products and rain acidity at Amsterdam Island in the Southern Indian Ocean

Nguyen, B. C.; Mihalopoulos, Nikolaos; Putaud, Jean‐Philippe; Gaudry, A.; Gallet, L.; Keene, W. C.; Galloway, James N.

doi:10.1007/bf00053608

Cited by 99 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The DMS emission flux is updated every 6 h using monthly sea-water DMS concentration fields from Kettle and Andreae (2000) driven by the ECMWF winds and the sea-air exchange parameterization from Nightingale et al (2000). Anthropogenic SO 2 emissions follow Cofala et al (2005) (including industrial, power-plant, road-transport, et al, 2003) for the year 2000, segregated into six altitude ranges 0-100 m, 100-500 m, 500 m-1 km, 1-2 km, 2-3 km and 3-6 km as in AEROCOM (see Dentener et al, 2006).…”

Section: Trace Gas Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 5 illustrates the fate of the aerosol Figure 2 shows the simulated annual cycle of DMS and SO 2 at three Southern Hemisphere remote sites compared against observations from Nguyen et al (1992), and Jourdain and Legrand (2001). All three sites have a clear seasonal cycle in DMS, with elevated concentrations during summer, and this is captured quite well by the model with regressions coefficient R of 0.72, 0.65 and 0.62 for Amsterdam Island, Cape Grim and Dumont D'Urville, respectively.…”

Section: Aerosol Precursor Gasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Description and evaluation of GLOMAP-mode: a modal global aerosol microphysics model for the UKCA composition-climate model

et al. 2010

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Abstract. A new version of the Global Model of AerosolProcesses (GLOMAP) is described, which uses a twomoment pseudo-modal aerosol dynamics approach rather than the original two-moment bin scheme. GLOMAP-mode simulates the multi-component global aerosol, resolving sulfate, sea-salt, dust, black carbon (BC) and particulate organic matter (POM), the latter including primary and biogenic secondary POM. Aerosol processes are simulated in a size-resolved manner including primary emissions, secondary particle formation by binary homogeneous nucleation of sulfuric acid and water, particle growth by coagulation, condensation and cloud-processing and removal by dry deposition, in-cloud and below-cloud scavenging. A series of benchmark observational datasets are assembled against which the skill of the model is assessed in terms of normalised mean bias (b) and correlation coefficient (R). Overall, the model performs well against the datasets in simulating concentrations of aerosol precursor gases, chemically speciated particle mass, condensation nuclei (CN) and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Surface sulfate, sea-salt and dust mass concentrations are all captured well, while BC and POM are biased low (but correlate well). Surface CN concentrations compare reasonably well in free troposphere and marine sites, but are underestimated at continental and coastal sites related to underestimation of either primary particle emissions or new particle formation. The model compares well against a compilation of CCN observations coverCorrespondence to: G. W. Mann (gmann@env.leeds.ac.uk) ing a range of environments and against vertical profiles of size-resolved particle concentrations over Europe. The simulated global burden, lifetime and wet removal of each of the simulated aerosol components is also examined and each lies close to multi-model medians from the AEROCOM model intercomparison exercise.

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Section: Trace Gas Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Aerosol Precursor Gasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Description and evaluation of GLOMAP-mode: a modal global aerosol microphysics model for the UKCA composition-climate model

et al. 2010

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“…Chem. Phys., 5, 2005 www.atmos-chem-phys.org/acp/5/2227/ (Shaw and Paur, 1983), (i) Cree Lake, Canada, 1982-1988(Barrie and Bottenheim, 1990, (j) Bear Island, Norway, October 1978-September 1981(Heintzenberg and Larssen, 1983, (k) Amsterdam Island, January 1984-August 1984, March 1987-December 1990(Nguyen et al, 1992, (l) Cape Grim, November 1988-December 1990 (Ayers et al, 1991).…”

Section: Global Sulfur Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A global off-line model of size-resolved aerosol microphysics: I. Model development and prediction of aerosol properties

et al. 2005

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Abstract.A GLObal Model of Aerosol Processes (GLOMAP) has been developed as an extension to the TOMCAT 3-D Eulerian off-line chemical transport model. GLOMAP simulates the evolution of the global aerosol size distribution using a sectional two-moment scheme and includes the processes of aerosol nucleation, condensation, growth, coagulation, wet and dry deposition and cloud processing. We describe the results of a global simulation of sulfuric acid and sea spray aerosol. The model captures features of the aerosol size distribution that are well established from observations in the marine boundary layer and free troposphere. Modelled condensation nuclei (CN >3 nm) vary between about 250-500 cm −3 in remote marine boundary layer regions and are generally in good agreement with observations. Modelled continental CN concentrations are lower than observed, which may be due to lack of some primary aerosol sources or the neglect of nucleation mechanisms other than binary homogeneous nucleation of sulfuric acidwater particles. Remote marine CN concentrations increase to around 2000-10 000 cm −3 (at standard temperature and pressure) in the upper troposphere, which agrees with typical observed vertical profiles. Cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) at 0.2% supersaturation vary between about 1000 cm −3 in polluted regions and between 10 and 500 cm −3 in the remote marine boundary layer. New particle formation through sulfuric acid-water binary nucleation occurs predominantly in the upper troposphere, but the model results show that these particles contribute greatly to aerosol concentrations in the marine boundary layer. For this sulfur-sea salt system it is estimated that sea spray emissions account for only ∼10% of CCN in the tropical marine boundary layer, but between 20 and 75% in the mid-latitude Southern Ocean. In a run with only natural sulfate and sea salt emissions the global mean surface CN concentration is more than 60% of that from a run Correspondence to: D. V. Spracklen (dominick@env.leeds.ac.uk) with 1985 anthropogenic sulfur emissions, although the natural emissions comprise only 27% of total sulfur emissions. Southern hemisphere marine boundary layer CN are more than 90% natural in origin, while polluted continental CN are more than 90% anthropogenic in origin, although these numbers will change when other anthropogenic CN sources are included in the model.

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“…Oxidation of atmospheric DMS may also contribute to the acidity of aerosols and rainfall (Nguyen et al, 1992;Ayers and Gillett., 2000). The major precursor of DMS, dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), is a metabolic product that plays some important physiological roles in phytoplankton and bacteria, such as that of antioxidant, osmolyte, and cryoprotectant (Karsten et al, 1992;Kiene et al, 2000;Stefels, 2000;Steinke et al, 2002;Yost et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial distribution of dimethylsulfide and dimethylsulfoniopropionate in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea during summer

Yang

Zhang

et al. 2015

Chin. J. Ocean. Limnol.

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Abstrac tThe distributions of dimethylsulfide (DMS) and its precursor dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) in surface water of the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea were studied during June 2011. The mean concentrations and ranges of DMS, dissolved DMSP (DMSPd), and particulate DMSP (DMSPp) in surface waters were 6.85 (1.60-12.36), 7.25 (2.28-19.05) and 61.87 (6.28-224.01) nmol/L, respectively. There were strong correlations between DMSPp and chlorophyll a in the Bohai Sea and the North Yellow Sea, respectively, and concentrations of DMS and DMSP were high, with a relatively high proportion of dinofl agellates, in the region of the South Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass. Results show that phytoplankton biomass and species composition were important factors that controlled the distribution of DMS and DMSP. Complex environmental factors, including nutrients, transparency, and terrestrial runoff, might also infl uence the variability in DMS and DMSP. Biological production and consumption rates of DMS in the Bohai Sea were higher than those in the Yellow Sea. DMS production rates were closely correlated with DMSPd concentrations. DMS and DMSP exhibited obvious diel variations, with high concentrations occurring in the late afternoon (16:00-19:00) and low concentrations occurring during the night, implying that the intensity of solar radiation had a signifi cant infl uence on these variations. Size distributions of chlorophyll a and DMSPp were also investigated and large nanoplankton (5-20 μm), mainly diatoms, contributed signifi cantly to chlorophyll a and DMSPp at most stations. The average sea-to-air flux of DMS in the study area was estimated to be 11.07 μmol/(m 2 ·d) during the summer.

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Covariations in oceanic dimethyl sulfide, its oxidation products and rain acidity at Amsterdam Island in the Southern Indian Ocean

Cited by 99 publications

References 41 publications

Description and evaluation of GLOMAP-mode: a modal global aerosol microphysics model for the UKCA composition-climate model

Description and evaluation of GLOMAP-mode: a modal global aerosol microphysics model for the UKCA composition-climate model

A global off-line model of size-resolved aerosol microphysics: I. Model development and prediction of aerosol properties

Spatial distribution of dimethylsulfide and dimethylsulfoniopropionate in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea during summer

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