Covid-19: 40% of patients with weakened immune system mount lower response to vaccines

Munro, Clara

doi:10.1136/bmj.n2098

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Such a deficiency is usually expected from immunocompromised/ multiple sclerosis patients with impaired B cells mounting. 12,16 Compared to females, diminished virusneutralizing antibody production in males is in the line with a previous study highlighting suppressive impacts of testosterone on postvaccination IgG against Omicron variant; so, it is based on hormonal differentiation. 5,6,7,10,17 Greater than normal BMI hampers the vaccination-elicited response 10,18 through intrinsic immunological perturbations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Sinopharm and Sinovac COVID-19 vaccines; Prevalence and risk factors for post full vaccination weak immunity.

Syed¹,

Ranjha²,

Ghazanfer³

et al. 2022

TPMJ

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Objective: To see the prevalence and risk factors for post full vaccination (Sinopharm and Sinovac COVID-19 vaccines) weak immunity in persons with no history of viral exposure. Study Design: Prospective Observational. Setting: Syed Research Centre, Sialkot. Period: Nov 2021 to Feb 2022. Material & Methods: Eighty two individuals (male/female, aged: 24-70 years) were enrolled from District Sialkot (Pakistan). Two doses of Sinopharm or Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine were administered to each participant before blood sampling. The quantity of COVID-19 spike immunoglobulin G against SARS-CoV-2 (5-Antigen) was detected in serum using chemiluminescence immunoassay technique [threshold titer: 7.1 (detection), 105. 63 (seroprotection), 492.96 BAU/mL (strong humoral response)]. Results: Overall, 96.3% seropositivity, 89% seroprotection, and 37.8% (n = 31) weak immune response were recorded. Whereas, mean antibody titer was found to be 2312.02 (range: 0.0 – 28711.74) BAU/mL. A vaccinated male had approximately 4 folds (95%CI: 1.297 – 11.504; p = .002) more likelihood of weak immune response than females. Similarly, the rate of poor immunological outcome was higher in individuals with >24.9 Kg/m2 (69.2%, n = 27) body mass index compared to ≤24.9 Kg/m2. A person with Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine was more vulnerable to weak immune response than Sinovac vaccinated participants (RR = 2.351; 95%CI = 1.327 – 4.167; p .002; 57.6% vs. 24.5%, respectively). Co-occurrence of age (>47 years) and BMI (>24.9 Kg/m2) existed in 11 of 28 males (39.3%) with impaired immunogenicity. Conclusion: The high rate of post full vaccination weak immune response is alarming. Gender, BMI, and vaccine type were amongst the predictors for diminished humoral response.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Sinopharm and Sinovac COVID-19 vaccines; Prevalence and risk factors for post full vaccination weak immunity.

Syed¹,

Ranjha²,

Ghazanfer³

et al. 2022

TPMJ

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show abstract

“…Vaccination is more beneficial for patients with comorbidities and immunocompromised patients. 83 Studies have shown that vaccinated patients have lower levels of autoimmune IG receptor antibodies and ACE2 receptor antibodies in transplant patients, kidney disease, malignancies, and autoimmune diseases, so they are more susceptible to infection. 84 In our study, fever and cough, typical symptoms of COVID-19 patients, were lower in the vaccine group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of vaccinated COVID-19 patients: A meta-analysis and systematic review

Tian

Ren

Han

et al. 2022

Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol

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Objective: With the global epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), vaccination rates are increasing globally. This study evaluated the relevant clinical manifestations of vaccinated COVID-19 patients. Methods: We searched carefully in 11 databases such as PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Ovid, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, Wan Fang Data, Sinomed, VIP Database, and Reading Showing Database up to 26 March 2022. To search for articles that have described the characteristics of vaccinated patients including epidemiological and clinical symptoms. Statistical analysis of the extracted data using STATA 14.0. Results: A total of 58 articles and 263,708 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients were included. Most of the patients in the vaccinated group had more asymptomatic infection and fewer severe illnesses. There were significant differences in ethnicity, and strain infected with COVID-19, and comorbidities (hyperlipidemia, diabetes, obesity, kidney disease, immunocompromised, cardiovascular disease, and tumor) and symptoms (fever, cough, gastrointestinal symptoms, neurological symptoms, and dysgeusia/anosmia) between vaccinated group and unvaccinated group. Oxygen support, use of steroid, days in hospital, hospital treatment, ICU treatment, death, and poor prognosis were also significantly different. Conclusion: Compared with the vaccinated group, patients in the unvaccinated group had a more severe clinical manifestations. Vaccines are also protective for infected people.

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“…The anti-Covid vaccines that are currently in use weaken the link between cases and hospitalization/deaths [ 41 ]. These vaccines are particularly beneficial for vulnerable individuals who have comorbidities or have weakened immunity [ 42 ]. However, efforts should continue to develop the next generation of vaccines that are preventive in nature and can better confront emerging variants.…”

Section: Developing Next-generation Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigating Covid-19 in the face of emerging virus variants, breakthrough infections and vaccine hesitancy

Haque

Pant

2022

Journal of Autoimmunity

119

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The emergence and rapid global spread of the new Delta and, more recently, Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 pose a daunting public health emergency. Being an RNA virus, the Covid-19 virus is continuing to mutate, resulting in the emergence of new variants with high transmissibility, such as the recently discovered Omicron variant. In this paper, we consider the conditions that may facilitate viral mutations and the emergence of variants with the ability to evade immunity. Here, we have discussed the importance of vaccination with the currently available vaccines. These vaccines are highly effective at preventing serious disease, hospitalization, and death from Covid-19. However, the antibody response induced by these vaccines is short-lasting and there are reports of breakthrough infections. A stable and persistent interaction between T follicular helper cells and germinal center B cells is needed for robust B cell memory response. We discussed the potential reasons behind the breakthrough infections and underscored the importance of developing better second-generation vaccines that may not necessitate frequent booster immunizations and are preventive in nature. This may involve the development of multivalent vaccines and creating vaccines against other viral proteins including conserved proteins. Vaccine hesitancy remains a notable hurdle for implementing vaccination. Furthermore, we recommend different approaches to increase vaccine acceptance, which is a critical translational component of a successful vaccine strategy. These perspectives on overcoming the pandemic's current challenges provide strategies to contain SARS-CoV-2 globally.

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Covid-19: 40% of patients with weakened immune system mount lower response to vaccines

Abstract: Four in 10 people who are clinically vulnerable generate lower levels of antibodies than healthy recipients after two shots of vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, a study has found. 1

Cited by 12 publications

References 2 publications

Sinopharm and Sinovac COVID-19 vaccines; Prevalence and risk factors for post full vaccination weak immunity.

Sinopharm and Sinovac COVID-19 vaccines; Prevalence and risk factors for post full vaccination weak immunity.

Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of vaccinated COVID-19 patients: A meta-analysis and systematic review

Mitigating Covid-19 in the face of emerging virus variants, breakthrough infections and vaccine hesitancy

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