COVID-19: Up to 82% critically ill patients had low Vitamin C values

Tomasa, Teresa; Bielsa-Berrocal, Lara

doi:10.1186/s12937-021-00727-z

Cited by 33 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…A brief research letter reported that vitamin C levels were undetectable in more than 90% of COVID-19 patients suffering with ARDS [67]. In addition, an epidemiological study reported that up to 82% of critically ill COVID-19 adult patients with ARDS had low vitamin C values [68]. This is consistent with low plasma levels of vitamin C reported in critically ill patients and many other conditions.…”

Section: Vitamin C Lessens Alveolar Damage and Lung Complicationssupporting

confidence: 56%

The Effects of Vitamin C on the Multiple Pathophysiological Stages of COVID-19

Miranda-Massari

Toro

Loh³

et al. 2021

Life

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Currently available anti-viral drugs may be useful in reducing the viral load but are not providing the necessary physiological effects to reduce the SARS-CoV-2 complications efficiently. Treatments that provide better clinical outcomes are urgently needed. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid, AA) is an essential nutrient with many biological roles that have been proven to play an important part in immune function; it serves as an antioxidant, an anti-viral, and exerts anti-thrombotic effects among many other physiological benefits. Research has proven that AA at pharmacological doses can be beneficial to patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and other respiratory illnesses, including sepsis. In addition, High-Dose Intravenous Vitamin C (HDIVC) has proven to be effective in patients with different viral diseases, such as influenza, chikungunya, Zika, and dengue. Moreover, HDIVC has been demonstrated to be very safe. Regarding COVID-19, vitamin C can suppress the cytokine storm, reduce thrombotic complications, and diminish alveolar and vascular damage, among other benefits. Due to these reasons, the use of HDIVC should be seriously considered in complicated COVID-19 patients. In this article, we will emphasize vitamin C’s multiple roles in the most prominent pathophysiological processes presented by the COVID-19 disease.

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Section: Vitamin C Lessens Alveolar Damage and Lung Complicationssupporting

confidence: 56%

The Effects of Vitamin C on the Multiple Pathophysiological Stages of COVID-19

Miranda-Massari

Toro

Loh³

et al. 2021

Life

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“…The vitamin C status of patients with COVID-19 has been reported in several small observational studies (Table 1) [21][22][23][24][25][26]. Plasma concentrations of vitamin C in most of these patients were reported to be very low with 70-80% of the patients having hypovitaminosis C (plasma concentration <23 µmol/L) [22,24]. The low concentrations were despite patients receiving on average 124 mg/day vitamin C in their enteral or parenteral nutrition [26].…”

Section: Vitamin C Status In Patients With Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Significant evidence indicates that patients with severe respiratory infections have depleted vitamin C status, with the prevalence of deficiency increasing with the severity of the condition [18][19][20]. The vitamin C status of patients with COVID-19 has been reported in several small observational studies (Table 1) [21][22][23][24][25][26]. Plasma concentrations of vitamin C in most of these patients were reported to be very low with 70-80% of the patients having hypovitaminosis C (plasma concentration <23 µmol/L) [22,24].…”

Section: Vitamin C Status In Patients With Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin C Intervention for Critical COVID-19: A Pragmatic Review of the Current Level of Evidence

Holford¹,

Carr

Zawari

et al. 2021

Life

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Severe respiratory infections are characterized by elevated inflammation and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which may lead to a decrease in antioxidants such as vitamin C and a higher requirement for the vitamin. Administration of intravenous vitamin C to patients with pneumonia and sepsis appears to decrease the severity of the disease and potentially improve survival rate. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection causes pneumonia, sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in severe cases, and is referred to as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Patients with COVID-19 infection also appear to have depleted vitamin C status and require additional supplementation of vitamin C during the acute phase of the disease. To date there have been 12 vitamin C and COVID-19 trials published, including five randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and seven retrospective cohort studies. The current level of evidence from the RCTs suggests that intravenous vitamin C intervention may improve oxygenation parameters, reduce inflammatory markers, decrease days in hospital and reduce mortality, particularly in the more severely ill patients. High doses of oral vitamin C supplementation may also improve the rate of recovery in less severe cases. No adverse events have been reported in published vitamin C clinical trials in COVID-19 patients. Upcoming findings from larger RCTs will provide additional evidence on vitamin supplementation in COVID-19 patients.

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“…The hypothesis regarding the benefits related to VC administration in severe cases of infection is based on the observation that, in this group of patients, levels of ascorbic acid during the recovery period are very low and, in many cases, undetectable [ 180 , 181 ]. In healthy people, ascorbic acid serum levels are about 0.4–2.0 mg/dL [ 180 ]. There is evidence that the majority of critically ill COVID-19 patients has low-to-undetectable VC levels.…”

Section: Vitamin Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is evidence that the majority of critically ill COVID-19 patients has low-to-undetectable VC levels. Tomasa-Irriguible and Bielsa-Berrocal [ 180 ] found that, in 82% of patients, within 24 h of ICU admission, the VC was below the normal range, with a mean value of 0.14 mg/dL (+/− SD 0.05 mg/dL). Similar results were observed by Chiscano-Camón et al [ 181 ]—undetectable ascorbic acid levels were found in 94.4% of ICU patients with SARS-CoV-2-associated ARDS.…”

Section: Vitamin Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Variable Nature of Vitamin C—Does It Help When Dealing with Coronavirus?

et al. 2022

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still spreading worldwide. For this reason, new treatment methods are constantly being researched. Consequently, new and already-known preparations are being investigated to potentially reduce the severe course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 infection induces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute serum biomarkers in the host organism. In addition to antiviral drugs, there are other substances being used in the treatment of COVID-19, e.g., those with antioxidant properties, such as vitamin C (VC). Exciting aspects of the use of VC in antiviral therapy are its antioxidant and pro-oxidative abilities. In this review, we summarized both the positive effects of using VC in treating infections caused by SARS-CoV-2 in the light of the available research. We have tried to answer the question as to whether the use of high doses of VC brings the expected benefits in the treatment of COVID-19 and whether such treatment is the correct therapeutic choice. Each case requires individual assessment to determine whether the positives outweigh the negatives, especially in the light of populational studies concerning the genetic differentiation of genes encoding the solute carriers responsible forVC adsorption. Few data are available on the influence of VC on the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Deducing from already-published data, high-dose intravenous vitamin C (HDIVC) does not significantly lower the mortality or length of hospitalization. However, some data prove, among other things, its impact on the serum levels of inflammatory markers. Finally, the non-positive effect of VC administration is mainly neutral, but the negative effect is that it can result in urinary stones or nephropathies.

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COVID-19: Up to 82% critically ill patients had low Vitamin C values

Cited by 33 publications

References 12 publications

The Effects of Vitamin C on the Multiple Pathophysiological Stages of COVID-19

The Effects of Vitamin C on the Multiple Pathophysiological Stages of COVID-19

Vitamin C Intervention for Critical COVID-19: A Pragmatic Review of the Current Level of Evidence

The Variable Nature of Vitamin C—Does It Help When Dealing with Coronavirus?

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