Cow products: boon to human health and food security

Abstract

The world population exceeded 7.8 billion people in 2020 and is predicted to reach 9.9 billion by 2050 as per the current increasing rate of 25%. In view of this, ensuring human health and food security has become an issue of key importance to countries with different degrees of economic development. At the same time, the livestock sector plays a strategic role in improving the economic, environmental, and sociocultural stewardship of any nation. The cow ( Bos indicus ) has held a distinctive role in human history ever since its domestication because of its valued harvests like dairy products (milk, clarified butter, yogurt, curd, and buttermilk) excreta like dung and urine. These products, except dung, provide all the necessary energy and nutrients to ensure the proper growth and development of the human. They are the source of many bioactive substances, which possess immense pharmacotherapeutic action against various physiological, metabolic and infectious disorders, including COVID-19. The use of urine and dung can be considered a low-cost agricultural practice for farmers and has been extensively used in modern agriculture practices to ensure food security via soil fertility, plant pathogens, and pests. Cow urine mediated synthesized nanomaterial also display distinctive characteristics and novel applications in various fields of science and technology. Thus, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of cow products, describing their biochemical constituents, bioactivities, and their utilization in the area ranging from human welfare to agriculture sustainability. An attempt is also made to present possible applications in bioenergy production and pollution reduction.

A Systematic Literature Review about Sensors Systems and Applications for Livestock Vital Signs Monitoring

“…The main kind of livestock considered in studies is bovine (beef cattle). It has sense because cows are source of several foods as milk and its derivatives, or meat; as well as leather, using in clothing (Prasad & Kothari, 2022).…”

Associations of bovine beta-casein and kappa-casein genotypes with genomic merit in Holstein Friesian cattle

“…Concerning milk production traits, it is one of the most studied chromosomes as well as the location of the significant QTL (de Koning, 2006). In addition to their relation to the protein content, caseins have been the subject of many scientific studies regarding milk intolerance, which has gained significant attention worldwide (Prasad and Kothari, 2022). For example, the mutation in the CSN2 (also known as β-casein or beta-casein) gene [g.8101C > A (p.His67Pro)] is an alteration of CCT/CAT (codon alteration from cytosine-cytosine-thymine/cytosineadenine-thymine) for the A1 and A2 alleles, respectively (Bell et al, 2006;Jiménez-Montenegro et al, 2022).…”

<i>L. reuteri</i> DSM 17938: from the history of the discovery of the strain to the emergence of evidence-based studies (strain specificity)

“…Сквашенное кобылье молоко кымыс, или кумыс, считается у якутов национальным достоянием с ритуальным подтекстом, напитком богатырей, имеющим более десятка разновидностей в зависимости от степени зрелости и добавок [4]. Панчагавья, или панчагава, из коровьего молока несколько тысячелетий использовалась для оздоровления человека в аюрведической медицине [5]. Пожалуй, первым литературным источником (в привычном нам понимании), содержащим описание целебных свой ств сгущенного молока с приятной кислинкой, является первая и самая полная древняя энциклопедия «Естественная история», составленная Плинием Старшим в I в. н. э.…”