Cramer-Rao bounds for estimating range, velocity, and direction with an active array

Dogandzic, A.; Nehorai, Arye

doi:10.1109/78.923295

Cited by 190 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…To assess the accuracy of the estimation of the target parameters, the CRB [16] is a universally accepted tool and provides the optimal accuracy achievable by any unbiased estimator of the target parameters. What distinguishes the CRB derived in this paper from the great majority of existing derivations in literature, e.g., [17][18][19][20][21][22], is that the TR based MIMO CRBs are formulated in a multipath environment. By incorporating the TR built-in adaptive waveform processing feature to design the TR probing signals, our intuition is that the CRB can be further improved in ways which were not foreseen with the non-adaptive waveforms (referred to as conventional) MIMO radars.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time reversal MIMO radar: Improved CRB and Angular Resolution Limit

Foroozan

Asif

Boyer

2013

2013 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing

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The paper derives closed form (nonmatrix) expression for the deterministic Cramér-Rao bound (CRB) for the direction-of-arrival associated with a target embedded in a noisy, multipath channel using the time reversal (TR) MIMO system. By incorporating the TR built-in adaptive waveform processing feature to reshape the MIMO probing signals, we prove that the CRBs for the direction of arrival can be improved in ways not foreseen with the conventional MIMO radars. A second contribution of the paper is the analytical derivation of the Angular Resolution Limit (ARL) defined as the minimal separation between two targets to be separately resolved by the MIMO radar. At high signal-to-noise ratio, we show that the TR ARL inherits the properties of the TR CRB and is superior to its conventional counterpart by a factor proportional to the order of the channel multipath.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time reversal MIMO radar: Improved CRB and Angular Resolution Limit

Foroozan

Asif

Boyer

2013

2013 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing

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“…Anyway, both can be used to asses the error properties of the estimates of the signal parameters. In [Van71] the author derived a relationship between CRLB and ambiguity function, which has been successfully used in the analysis of passive and active arrays [Dog01]. In the monostatic configuration, [Van71] claims that for the Fisher Information …”

Section: Bistatic Cramér-rao Lower Boundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waveform Diversity and Design for Interoperating Radar Systems

Greco¹

2013

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Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing the burden, to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY)15 January 2013 (From -To) REPORT TYPE Final Report DATES COVERED SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)EOARD Unit 4515 BOX 14 APO AE 09421 SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S)AFRL/AFOSR/IOE (EOARD) SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S) AFRL-AFOSR-UK-TR-2013-0003 DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENTApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTESGovernment Purpose Rights -University Di Pisa ABSTRACTFor many years, conventional radars transmitted, received, and processed the same waveform on every pulse or burst within a coherent processing interval (CPI), independently of the environment. Now, modern radar systems have considerable flexibility in their modes of operation, both on receive and transmit. In particular, it is possible to modify the waveform on a pulse to pulse basis, and electronically steered phased arrays can quickly point the radar beam in any feasible direction. In the course of this research project, we introduced the Ambiguity Function, an analytical tool for waveform design and analysis that is useful for examining resolution, sidelobe behavior, and ambiguity in range and Doppler of a given signal waveform. Some techniques to design multiple access frequency hop codes with good auto and cross-ambiguity functions are characterized, focusing on the frequency hop patterns. We have shown that the performance of each channel of the multistatic system heavily depends on the transmitted waveform and on the geometry of the scenario, that is, the position of receivers and transmitters with respect to the position of the target. In particular, both geometry factors and transmitted waveforms play an important role in the shape of the Ambiguity Function and hence in the value of the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB). We have calculated the bistatic CRLBs of target range and velocity of each transmit-receive pair as a function of the target kinematic parameters and to provide a local measure of the estimation accuracy of these parameters. Finally, in this work we have analyzed the problem of the optimum sensor selection along the trajectory of a tracked ta...

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“…The idea of active direction finding for radar or active sonar is not new (see, for example [1,2]). In radar or active sonar, a known waveform is transmitted by an omnidirectional antenna, and a target reflects some of the transmitted energy toward an array of sensors that is used to estimate some unknown parameters, e.g., bearing, range, or speed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MIMO radar: an idea whose time has come

Fishler

Haimovich

Blum

et al.

Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37509)

1,263

708

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It has been recently shown that multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna systems have the potential to dramatically improve the performance of communication systems over single antenna systems. Unlike beamforming, which presumes a high correlation between signals either transmitted or received by an array, the MIMO concept exploits the independence between signals at the array elements. In conventional radar, target scintillations are regarded as a nuisance parameter that degrades radar performance. The novelty of MIMO radar is that it takes the opposite view, namely, it capitalizes on target scintillations to improve the radar's performance. In this paper, we introduce the MIMO concept for radar. The MIMO radar system under consideration consists of a transmit array with widely-spaced elements such that each views a different aspect of the target. The array at the receiver is a conventional array used for direction finding (DF). The system performance analysis is carried out in terms of the Cramer-Rao bound of the meansquare error in estimating the target direction. It is shown that MIMO radar leads to significant performance improvement in DF accuracy.

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Cramer-Rao bounds for estimating range, velocity, and direction with an active array

Cited by 190 publications

References 26 publications

Time reversal MIMO radar: Improved CRB and Angular Resolution Limit

Time reversal MIMO radar: Improved CRB and Angular Resolution Limit

Waveform Diversity and Design for Interoperating Radar Systems

MIMO radar: an idea whose time has come

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