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It has been recently shown that multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna systems have the potential to dramatically improve the performance of communication systems over single antenna systems. Unlike beamforming, which presumes a high correlation between signals either transmitted or received by an array, the MIMO concept exploits the independence between signals at the array elements. In conventional radar, target scintillations are regarded as a nuisance parameter that degrades radar performance. The novelty of MIMO radar is that it takes the opposite view, namely, it capitalizes on target scintillations to improve the radar's performance. In this paper, we introduce the MIMO concept for radar. The MIMO radar system under consideration consists of a transmit array with widely-spaced elements such that each views a different aspect of the target. The array at the receiver is a conventional array used for direction finding (DF). The system performance analysis is carried out in terms of the Cramer-Rao bound of the meansquare error in estimating the target direction. It is shown that MIMO radar leads to significant performance improvement in DF accuracy.

Detecting the number of sources is a well-known and a well-investigated problem. In this problem, the number of sources impinging on an array of sensors is to be estimated. The common approach for solving this problem is to use an information theoretic criterion like the minimum description length (MDL), or the Akaike information criterion (AIC). Although it has been gaining much popularity and has been used in a variety of problems, the performance of information theoretic criteria-based estimators for the unknown number of sources has not been sufficiently studied, yet. In the context of array processing, the performance of such estimators were analyzed only for the special case of Gaussian sources where no prior knowledge of the array structure, if given, is used. Based on the theory of misspecified models, this paper presents a general asymptotic analysis of the performance of any information theoretic criterion-based estimator, and especially of the MDL estimator. In particular, the performance of the MDL estimator, which assumes Gaussian sources and structured array when applied to Gaussian sources, is analyzed. In addition, it is shown that the performance of a certain MDL estimator is not very sensitive to the actual distribution of the source signals. However, appropriate use of prior knowledge about the array geometry can lead to significant improvement in the performance of the MDL estimator. Simulation results show good fit between the empirical and the theoretical results.

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