“…While VE delivery has been found to be less traumatic for the mother than is forceps delivery (Berkus et al; Vacca et al), VE often leaves evidence of external trauma to the fetal head (e.g., bulging caput succedanum, cephalhematoma, scalp lesions), and several case reports of severe fetal trauma, especially endocranial hematoma, have appeared (Vacca et al). However, recent studies indicate that few neonatal complications result from delivery by VE per se (Berkus et al; Jeannin et al, 1984; Maryniak & Frank, 1984), and Fall, Rydén, Finnström, Finnström, and Leijon (1986) concluded that the use of low VE (or forceps) in the absence of fetal asphyxia is not associated with increased early postnatal neurological or behavioral abnormality in the offspring.…”