Creation of a unit block library of architectures for use in assembled scaffold engineering

Wettergreen, Matthew; Bucklen, Brandon; Starly, Binil; Yüksel, Eser; Sun, Wei; Liebschner, Michael A. K.

doi:10.1016/j.cad.2005.02.005

Cited by 97 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In the second part of the study, microstructural models of three different scaffold architectures were used, based on those used in the literature (Bucklen et al, 2008;Luxner et al, 2005;Wettergreen et al, 2005). Unit cells for different architectures were generated for each scaffold, as shown in Figure 2.…”

Section: Model Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the degradation and elastic properties of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) films and regular open-cell tissue engineering scaffolds

Shirazi

Ronan

Rochev

et al. 2016

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

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Publication InformationShirazi, RN,Ronan, W,Rochev, Y,McHugh, P (2016) 'Modelling the degradation and elastic properties of poly (lacticco-glycolic AbstractScaffolding plays a critical rule in tissue engineering and an appropriate degradation rate and sufficient mechanical integrity are required during degradation and healing of tissue. This paper presents a computational investigation of the molecular weight degradation and the mechanical performance of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) films and tissue engineering scaffolds. A reactiondiffusion model which predicts the degradation behaviour is coupled with an entropy-based mechanical model which relates the Young's modulus and the molecular weight. The model parameters are determined based on experimental data for in-vitro degradation of a PLGA film. Microstructural models of three different scaffold architectures are used to investigate the degradation and mechanical behaviour of each scaffold. Although the architecture of the scaffold does not have a significant influence on the degradation rate, it determines the initial stiffness of the scaffold. It is revealed that the size of the scaffold strut controls the degradation rate and the mechanical collapse. A critical length scale due to competition between diffusion of degradation products and autocatalytic degradation is determined to be in the range 2-100 μm. Below this range, slower homogenous degradation occurs; however, for larger samples monomers are trapped inside the sample and faster autocatalytic degradation occurs.

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Section: Model Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the degradation and elastic properties of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) films and regular open-cell tissue engineering scaffolds

Shirazi

Ronan

Rochev

et al. 2016

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

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“…The gradient and uniform porous scaffolds can be designed using traditional CAD (Computer Aided Design) and include the use of open cellular foams [26,27] and periodic uniform unit cells based on platonic solids [28][29][30]. Other techniques, such as implicit surface modelling [31][32][33] and topology optimized scaffolds [18,34], are also gaining in popularity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties and In Vitro Behavior of Additively Manufactured and Functionally Graded Ti6Al4V Porous Scaffolds

Onal

Frith

Jurg

et al. 2018

Metals

128

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Abstract:Functionally graded lattice structures produced by additive manufacturing are promising for bone tissue engineering. Spatial variations in their porosity are reported to vary the stiffness and make it comparable to cortical or trabecular bone. However, the interplay between the mechanical properties and biological response of functionally graded lattices is less clear. Here we show that by designing continuous gradient structures and studying their mechanical and biological properties simultaneously, orthopedic implant design can be improved and guidelines can be established. Our continuous gradient structures were generated by gradually changing the strut diameter of a body centered cubic (BCC) unit cell. This approach enables a smooth transition between unit cell layers and minimizes the effect of stress discontinuity within the scaffold. Scaffolds were fabricated using selective laser melting (SLM) and underwent mechanical and in vitro biological testing. Our results indicate that optimal gradient structures should possess small pores in their core (~900 µm) to increase their mechanical strength whilst large pores (~1100 µm) should be utilized in their outer surface to enhance cell penetration and proliferation. We suggest this approach could be widely used in the design of orthopedic implants to maximize both the mechanical and biological properties of the implant.

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“…As the scaffold properties may be required to be both heterogeneous and anisotropic, an idea currently been explored in the literature is to have a library of scaffold structures, with known geometric, mechanical, and fluid flow properties, that can be assembled together according to the needs of the application. Chua et al have demonstrated the feasibility of such a library [7], while Wettergreen et al have shown the potential use of Finite Element Analysis (FEA) in predicting scaffold properties by using FEA to examine the effective moduli and stress distribution of different scaffolds structures that could be assembled together [9]. However, to the authors knowledge, only Williams et al [5] and Luxner et al [6] have reported on comparisons of FE predictions of scaffold performance to actual results obtained from experimental examination and both groups confined their research to FE predictions for the effective modulus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite element predictions compared to experimental results for the effective modulus of bone tissue engineering scaffolds fabricated by selective laser sintering

Cahill

Lohfeld

McHugh

2009

J Mater Sci: Mater Med

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A current challenge in bone tissue engineering is to create scaffolds with suitable mechanical properties, high porosity, full interconnectivity and suitable pore size. In this paper, polyamide and polycaprolactone scaffolds were fabricated using a solid free form technique known as selective laser sintering. These scaffolds had fully interconnected pores, minimized strut thickness, and a porosity of approximately 55%. Tensile and compression tests as well as finite element analysis were carried out on these scaffolds. It was found that the values predicted for the effective modulus by the FE model were much higher than the actual values obtained from experimental results. One possible explanation for this discrepancy, viz. the surface roughness of the scaffold and the presence of micropores in the scaffold struts, was investigated with a view to making recommendations on improving FE model configurations for accurate effective property predictions.3

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Creation of a unit block library of architectures for use in assembled scaffold engineering

Cited by 97 publications

References 21 publications

Modelling the degradation and elastic properties of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) films and regular open-cell tissue engineering scaffolds

Modelling the degradation and elastic properties of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) films and regular open-cell tissue engineering scaffolds

Mechanical Properties and In Vitro Behavior of Additively Manufactured and Functionally Graded Ti6Al4V Porous Scaffolds

Finite element predictions compared to experimental results for the effective modulus of bone tissue engineering scaffolds fabricated by selective laser sintering

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