Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Injury-Psychological Readiness to Return to Sport scale to Persian language

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to develop and provide validation statistics for the Persian Injury-Psychological Readiness to Return to Sport scale (I-PRRS) following a cross-sectional and prospective cohort study design. The I-PRRS was forward/back-translated and culturally adapted into Persian language. The Persian I-PRRS was administered to 100 injured athletes (93 male; age 26.0 ± 5.6 years; time since injury 4.84 ± 6.4 months) and 50 healthy athletes (36 male; mean age 25.7 ± 6.0 years). The Persian I-PRRS was re-administered to 50 injured athletes at 1 week to examine test-retest reliability. There were no floor or ceiling effects confirming the content validity of Persian I-PRRS. The internal consistency reliability was good. Excellent test-retest reliability and agreement were demonstrated. The statistically significant difference in Persian I-PRRS total scores between the injured athletes and healthy athletes provides an evidence of discriminative validity. The Persian I-PRRS total scores were positively correlated with the Farsi Mood Scale (FARMS) total scores, showing construct validity. The principal component analysis indicated a two-factor solution consisting of "Confidence to play" and "Confidence in the injured body part and skill level". The Persian I-PRRS showed excellent reliability and validity and can be used to assess injured athletes' psychological readiness to return to sport among Persian-speaking populations.

Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, validity, reliability and stability of the Dutch Injury - Psychological Readiness to Return to Sport (I-PRRS-NL) scale

“…No significant floor or ceiling effects were observed in this study, since less than 15% of the respondents achieved the lowest or highest possible total score. This is in agreement with the Persian version of the I-PRRS scale (Naghdi et al, 2016).…”

“…Internal consistency of the I-PRRS-NL scale was good, which is consistent with the original English and the Persian I-PRRS scales (Glazer, 2009;Naghdi et al, 2016). Test-retest reliability of the I-PRRS-NL scale was good, with an ICC of 0.89 and also comparable to previous research into the Persian version of the I-PRRS scale (Naghdi et al, 2016).…”

“…To develop a scale that measures the psychological readiness of all injured athletes to return to sports participation, items that were too sport-or environment-specific or were not appropriate for all returning athletes, were eliminated (Glazer, 2009). Other studies have shown the validity and reliability of the I-PRRS scale in a heterogeneous group of patients (Glazer, 2009;Naghdi et al, 2016). Another limitation is the lack of information about validity and reliability of the Dutch-language version of the MHLC-C scale.…”

“…Translated versions of the I-PRRS in different languages are required for cross-cultural comparisons of outcome assessment. A valid and reliable version of the I-PRRS scale translated into Persian is available (Naghdi et al, 2016), but no Dutch version of the I-PRRS exists.…”

Responsiveness of the anterior cruciate ligament – Return to Sports after Injury (ACL-RSI) and Injury – Psychological Readiness to Return to Sport (I-PRRS) scales

“…Glazer developed the Injury Psychological Readiness to Return to Sport (I-PRRS) scale to assess the psychological readiness of injured athletes to return to sports participation, irrespectively of the type of injury (Glazer, 2009). Valid and reliable English, Persian and Dutch versions of the I-PRRS scale are available (Naghdi et al, 2016;Slagers, Reininga, Geertzen, Zwerver, & van den Akker-Scheek, 2019).…”