“…In modern industrial societies, sound democracy depends on a scientifically literate citizenry (Durant, Evans, & Thomas, 1992). Students' civic scientific literacy was measured by eighteen items, which consisted of twelve items from Kawamoto, Nakayama & Saijo (2008); Miller (1998); NISTEP (2001), and six from Kusumi & Hirayama (2013) and Mun, Lee, Kim, Choi, Choi & Krajcik (2015). The response options were set to "True," "False," and "Do not know" The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the CSL scale was 0.75.…”