Cross-Cultural Patterns of Attachment: A Meta-Analysis of the Strange Situation

IJzendoorn, Marinus H. van; Kroonenberg, Pieter M.

doi:10.2307/1130396

Cited by 367 publications

(160 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

132

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Singer et al (1985) found that 11 of 19 (58%) inter-racial adoptees were insecurely attached, as compared to 7 of 27 (26%) nonadoptees. Compared to other studies (Van IJzendoorn, Goldberg, Kroonenberg, & Frenkel, 1992;Van IJzendoorn & Kroonenberg, 1988) the inter-racially adopted group shows an overrepresentation of insecure attachment relationships.…”

Section: Attachment In Adoptive Familiescontrasting

confidence: 75%

“…The percentage of secure attachment in our sample (74% at 12 months and 75% at 18 months) is not lower than the percentage found in normative studies (e.g. 68% secure attachment in pooled Dutch samples; Van IJzendoorn & Kroonenberg, 1988). A stability of 68% (Cohen's kappa .36) was observed in our group: 46 of 58 infants were secure at both 12 and 18 months, 8 of 21 infants remained insecure.…”

Section: Infant-mother Attachmentcontrasting

confidence: 66%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Infant-Mother Attachment of Internationally Adopted Children in the Netherlands

Juffer

Rosenboom

1997

International Journal of Behavioral Development

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the Netherlands, 80 mothers and their infants, adopted from Sri Lanka, South Korea and Colombia, were observed at home at 6 and 12 months to rate the adoptive mother's sensitivity, and in the Strange Situation at 12 and 18 months to assess the infant-mother attachment relationship. All inter-racially adopted infants were placed before the age of 6 months, with a mean age of 11 weeks, in adoptive families with or without biological children. Coded with Ainsworth's classi cation scheme the results reveal 74% secure attachment relationships, a percentage comparable to that of normative studies. The results indicate no differences regarding the child's country of origin, or the (non)presence of biological children. The results contradict ndings from a study that revealed an over-representation of insecure infant-mother attachment relationships in a sample of American mothers with an interracially adopted infant. In the current study the adoptive mother's sensitivity seems comparable to the sensitivity of nonadoptive mothers, a nding that concurs with the attachment results. It is suggested that the outcomes in this study may be partly explained by the fact that these infants were placed for adoption at a rather young age, with relatively favourable circumstances prior to the placement. This may well indicate that adoption placement per se, without the cumulative effects of understimulation and lack of personal affection that older placed children often experience in institutions, does not inevitably lead to a disturbed parent-infant relationship.In the Netherlands 21,000 children have been adopted internationally since the phenomenon of inter-country adoption came into being in the 1970s. It concerns predominantly inter-racial adoptions, with children from Asia, JUFFER AND ROSENBOOMAfrica, or South America placed in white Dutch families. Children are adopted from birth until 6 years of age (an exception is made for older siblings accompanying younger children). Effects of the Adoption ExperienceThe development of adoptees has been the focus of several studies. On the basis of a meta-analysis that involved 66 studies on the psychological adjustment of adopted children and adolescents, Wierzbicki (1993) concludes that: (1) adoptees are over-represented in clinical populations; (2) adopted adolescents have more externalising problems than nonadoptees; and (3) adopted children have more academic problems than nonadopted children. Because many studies in this meta-analysis concern locally adopted children of the same race, we do not know whether these conclusions can be generalised to internationally, inter-racially adopted children. In this case, children not only have to deal with their adoption status, but also with their racially different appearance, and with the fact that they came from a country that is culturally different from the country they live in. Studies that involve international adoptees (Hoksbergen, Juffer, & Waardenburg, 1987;Verhulst, Althus, & Versluis-den Bieman, 1990; for overviews, see: Silver...

show abstract

Section: Attachment In Adoptive Familiescontrasting

confidence: 75%

Section: Infant-mother Attachmentcontrasting

confidence: 66%

Infant-Mother Attachment of Internationally Adopted Children in the Netherlands

Juffer

Rosenboom

1997

International Journal of Behavioral Development

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…First, such a comparison seems justified by the fact that libidinal development is universal, the same for Belarusian and French children, although we were unable to find any empirical study assessing especially this Freudian conjecture. Second, some readers might argue that there are limitations or biases related to cross-cultural comparisons of sociocultural norms and values (Van IJzendoorn & Kroonenberg, 1988), underlining, for example, that different attachment styles and norms have been established for German children as compared to American ones, based on different child-rearing practices in these two cultures. But the available literature (Speckhard & Mufel, 2003), although scarce, did not indicate any major differences between the educational styles of Western parents and Belarusian ones, as suggested by the authors in the conclusion of their study: "Belarus women who have adverse responses are very similar across these two divergent cultures" (p. 3).…”

Section: Study Of a Single Case Of Mother-child Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Child Sexual Abuse, Baby Gender, and Intergenerational Psychic Transmission: An Exploratory, Projective Psychoanalytic Approach

Tychey¹,

Vandelet²,

Laurent³

et al. 2016

The Psychoanalytic Review

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Skewed distributions of attachment relationships, including that found by Sagi and his colleagues, have raised concern that the stränge Situation may not be cross-culturally valid (Grossmann, Grossmann, Spangler, Suess, & Unzner, 1985;. However, recent secondary analyses and meta-analyses (Sagi, Van IJzendoorn, & Koren-Karie, 1991;Van Uzendoorn & Kroonenberg, 1988), äs well äs analyses of cross-national data (Lamb, Thompson, & Gardner, 1985;Sagi, 1990;Van Uzendoorn, 1990), have indicated that this procedure is valid for assessing universal communicative patterns between adults and infants that may be aifected by stress (Van IJzendoorn & Kroonenberg, 1988) or by cultural preferences (Sagi, 1990). Clearly, more research was needed to find precursors of attachment relationships in kibbutz children so äs to understand the unusual rates of insecure relationships.…”

Section: Infants'relations With Parentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

"Children of the dream" revisited: 70 years of collective early child care in Israeli kibbutzim.

Aviezer¹,

IJzendoorn²,

Sagi³

et al. 1994

Psychological Bulletin

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This article focuses on kibbutz care for infants and young children. It reviews (a) past and present practices of collective education within the context of its historical background and guiding principles and (b) the results of developmental research regarding the impact of multiple caregiving and group care on children's socioemotional development within the framework of attachment theory. The research results indicate that, from a psychological point of view, collective sleeping is a problematic aspect of kibbutz child rearing. However, group care and multiple caregiving of high quality do not necessarily interfere with the formation of close relationships between parents and children or with the development of social skills.An Israeli kibbutz (pl., kibbutzim) is a cooperative, democratically governed, multigenerational Community with an average population of 400-900 people. Each kibbutz is economically and socially autonomous but is also affiliated with one of three kibbutz organizations called "kibbutz movements" that offer support and guidance to individual kibbutzim. In the past, the kibbutz movements were deeply divided by political and ideological diiferences that were expressed even on the level of child-care practices. With the passage of time, however, most of these differences have lost their significance, and many kibbutz members today favor the idea of establishing a single united kibbutz movement. Every kibbutz member works for the kibbutz economy and is in turn provided by the Community with housing, food, clothing, health and educational Services, recreation, and other living needs. In the past, kibbutzim had been fairly isolated agricultural communities in which living conditions were exceedingly hard. Today kibbutz economies are based on adiversity of Industries and agricultural activities and are able to provide members with a satisfying Standard of living.The kibbutz is known äs being one of the very few utopian experiments that have succeeded in establishing a radically different way of living and of raising children. As many äs four generations have been brought up in kibbutzim since the first such communities were founded at the turn of the Century. The kibbutz child-rearing System, also called collective education, has been treated in the literature äs furnishing a "natural labo-

show abstract

Cross-Cultural Patterns of Attachment: A Meta-Analysis of the Strange Situation

Cited by 367 publications

References 37 publications

Infant-Mother Attachment of Internationally Adopted Children in the Netherlands

Infant-Mother Attachment of Internationally Adopted Children in the Netherlands

Child Sexual Abuse, Baby Gender, and Intergenerational Psychic Transmission: An Exploratory, Projective Psychoanalytic Approach

"Children of the dream" revisited: 70 years of collective early child care in Israeli kibbutzim.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About