Cross-National Evidence of the Effects of Foreign Investment and Aid on Economic Growth and Inequality: A Survey of Findings and a Reanalysis

Within-Country Inequality and the Modern World-System: A Theoretical Reprise and Empirical First Step

“…Empirical results for the relationship between world-system position and income inequality have been mixed. Yet, a review of the literature suggests it is difficult to assess the extent to which this is a function of the weakness of the theory or rather the great number of ways it has been operationalized and the tendency to conflate various measures of "dependency" with position in the world-system (see Beer and Boswell 2002;Bollen 1987;Bornschier et al 1979;1978;Bornschier and Chase-Dunn 1985;Lee et al 2007;Nolan 1983;Rubinson 1976;Weede and Kummer 1985).…”

“…Likewise, the foreign capital penetration (PEN) literature tends to find that PEN increases income inequality (e.g. Alderson and Nielsen 1999;Beer and Boswell 2002;Bornschier et al 1978;1979;Bornschier and Chase-Dunn 1985). Yet, while PEN dynamics might clearly be implicated in world-system dynamics, they are not identical (e.g.…”

The Global Economy and Changes in the Determinants of Cross-National Income Inequality

“…In contrast, dependency theory is rooted in the idea~hat asymmetrical economic dependence of LDCs on core nations produces the "development of underdevelopment" in LDCs (Frank 1969;Galtung 1971;Chase-Dunn 1975;Kaufma~et al 1975;Rubinson 1976;Bornschier, et al 1978;Bornschler and Ballmer-Cao 1979;Evans and Timberlake 1980;Bornschier and Chase-Dunn 1985;Preche11985;London and Robinson 1989). Economic dependence of LDCs ranges from investment by transnational corporations that own and control the means of production within the LDC to les~direct~orms o~depen~ence such as foreign aid programs, credit agenCIes, and international trade (Chase-Dunn, 1975: 721).Dependency theorists~ssert t~at the more dependent a country is on other countnes for I:S livelihood the less dominance and influence that country WIll have relative to other countries.…”

Moving toward Theory for the 21st Century: The Centrality of Nonwestern Semiperipheries to World Ethnic/Racial Inequality

“…In the 1970s and 1980s, scholars within and outside the world-systems perspective pointed presciently to emergent economic divisions within the Third World (cf. Frobel, Heinrichs and Kreye 1977, Bornschier et al 1978, Evans 1979, Evans and Timberlake 1980, Balassa 1981, Barrett and Whyte 1982, Foxley 1983, Deyo 1987. Three changing trends were noted.…”