Crosslinked QA‐PEI nanoparticles: synthesis reproducibility, chemical modifications, and stability study

Abstract

Quaternary ammonium polyethylenimine (QA‐PEI) nanoparticles were synthesized by PEI crosslinking and alkylation with octyliodide followed by quaternization by methyl iodide. The present study focuses on the reproducibility of particles formation with respect to particle size, positive charge, oxidative, thermal stability and antibacterial activity. The QA‐PEI‐based nanoparticles with particle size in the range of 160–190 nm were synthesized in high reproducibility and showed high chemical stability against environmental changes including exposure to different oxidizers and storage conditions. QA‐PEI nanoparticles incorporated in dental restorative resin composites at 2% w/w demonstrated strong antibacterial activity. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Quaternary ammonium polyethylenimine nanoparticles for treating bacterial contaminated water

“…The synthesis of QA-PEI nanoparticle was previously described [15][16][17]. In brief, 10 g of PEI dissolved in 100 ml ethanol was crosslinked with diiodopentane (4% per primary amine in PEI) under reflux for 24 h. N-alkylation with iodooctane was conducted at amine:iodooctane 1:0.25 molar ratio under reflux for 24 h. After 24 h, excess sodium bicarbonate (1.25:1 mole ratio, NaHCO 3 /iodooctane) was added to neutralize released HI; neutralization reaction was continued for 3 h under the same conditions.…”

“…In the present work, we report preparation of active antimicrobial surfaces using different methods, based on our previously described QA polyethylenimine nanoparticles (QA-PEI NPs) C 8 alkylated [15,16], and C 18 modified, where these NPs embedded in polyethylene vinyl acetate (PEVA) and polyethylene methacrylic acid (PEMA) coatings and these coatings were tested for their antibacterial activity against representative bacteria, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Heterotrophic plate count, in static and dynamic modes, for potential application in self-sterilization coatings and large water containers. In this study, QA-PEI NPs were also analyzed for their activity in aqueous suspension in comparison to aging period for waste water reuse as in reuse systems.…”

Antimicrobial Polymers

“…To solve this problem, nanoparticles synthesized from cross‐linked quaternary PEI incorporated into resin were introduced. These nanoparticles were optimized for particle size, positive charge, oxidative, thermal stability and antibacterial activity . This system is effective against S. aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, E. faecalis, P. aeruginosa and E. coli .…”

Quaternary ammonium poly(diethylaminoethyl methacrylate) possessing antimicrobial activity

“…The growing global concern about emerging infectious diseases has greatly stimulated research on polymeric biocides [1][2][3]. Chemical biocides play an important role in the preservation of products as diverse as cutting fluids, crop protection agents, foods and beverages, fabrics, cosmetics, and medicines [4][5][6].…”

“…Furthermore, DEAEM is widely used to modify the properties of bulk plastic materials by grafting or copolymerization [7]. Polymers containing quaternary ammonium (QA) groups in a side chain or in a main chain have a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, and they are effective against both Gram-positive and Gram negative bacteria as well as against viruses, fungi, and algae [1,[9][10][11][12]. There have been, however, very few reports on the antimicrobial polymeric ammonium salts prepared from quaternary DEAEM monomer [7,13,14].…”