Crosslinking of PVC formulations treated with UV light

Arias, G.; Benavides, R.; Garza, Emilyesteli; Rosas, M.M. Téllez

doi:10.1002/vnl.20068

Cited by 6 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Our findings reported in a previous work [1] suggested that flexible PVC formulations can be effectively crosslinked on their surface, when exposed to UV irradiation, because elastic modulus (E 0 ) and gel content values were enhanced for thin samples but not for thick ones; an optimum irradiation time was also found. Although we have found oxidation in the polymer chains, other authors [2] mention that crosslinking also has an effect on the thermal degradability of the polymer matrix, as indicated by a noticeable yellowing of the material.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…It is known as an HCl scavenger, while Ca/Zn substitutes the main-chain allyl chlorine. The oxidation level is similar for materials with and without crosslinking agent, as shown in the previous work [1].…”

Section: Color Evaluationssupporting

confidence: 51%

“…There is also an important difference between this technique and the elastic modulus evaluation by DMA (see previous work [1]), in which the trend observed in the traces by TMA as compared to DMA is different. The DMA showed that TMPTMA-doped formulations (both thicknesses) obtained higher E 0 values, while the nondoped ones showed essentially no increment in modulus.…”

Section: Thermomechanical Analysismentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The samples used for this work were exactly the same as those reported in the previous work [1]; the materials, methodology for specimen preparation, and the UV irradiation applied to the samples were fully explained previously as well. However, the characterization was further extended for this work and corresponds to color evaluation, fluorescence spectroscopy, thermomechanical analysis (TMA), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been noted previously [1] that the crosslinking agent (TMPTMA) usually enhances the color formation in PVC samples; in this case, it is possible that the double bonds formed extensively in lead formulations extend their conjugation length and thereby increase the yellowness, owing to the inability of the lead additive to stop polyene formation. It is known as an HCl scavenger, while Ca/Zn substitutes the main-chain allyl chlorine.…”

Section: Color Evaluationsmentioning

confidence: 95%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Crosslinking of PVC formulations treated with UV light. II. Color formation and viscoelastic properties

Benavides

Arias

Castillo

et al. 2007

Vinyl Additive Technology

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Two wire coating PVC formulations stabilized with Ca/Zn systems and one stabilized with a traditional lead compound were prepared. All three formulations contained trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA) as a crosslinking agent and Irgacure 819 as a UV photoinitiator. Small specimens of hot‐pressed materials with 1.0 and 1.5 mm thicknesses were irradiated with UV light for 10 days, while monitoring changes at different time intervals. The presence of TMPTMA in the samples influenced the coloration of the lead‐stabilized formulation, while the others experienced the usual color formation after UV treatment, as seen by Yellowing Index measurements and corroborated by the evaluation of fluorescence spectra. The elastic modulus (E′) determined by DMA was shown to be sensitive to surface changes associated with crosslinking, while the loss modulus (E″) determined by DMA and the complex modulus (E*) obtained by TMA were shown to be sensitive indicators of bulk property changes. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 13:189–194, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Color Evaluationssupporting

confidence: 51%

Section: Thermomechanical Analysismentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Color Evaluationsmentioning

confidence: 95%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Crosslinking of PVC formulations treated with UV light. II. Color formation and viscoelastic properties

Benavides

Arias

Castillo

et al. 2007

Vinyl Additive Technology

Self Cite

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Synergistic effect of hindered amine light stabilizers/ultraviolet absorbers on the plasticized PVC during photo‐irradiation

Chai

Chen

Zhang

2012

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Two kinds of piperidine derivatives including a low-molecular weight (Wt. 481, T770) and a highmolecular weight (Wt. 2000-3100, C944) hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS) are added singly or with ultraviolet absorbers (UVA) in combination to plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) samples. Digital photos, color changes, attenuated total refection-Fourier transform infrared spectra (ATR-FTIR), and mechanical properties are obtained to investigate the photostable effect of the light stabilizers on the plasticized PVC after artificial aging. PVC samples with HALS perform well at the first 400 h of irradiation in color change, FTIR, and mechanical properties, but at the last 400 h the photostability decreases. Besides, C944 performs better than T770, because C944 is a high-molecular weight UV stabilizer and has good extraction resistance. Plasticized PVC samples with UVA resist discoloring and photooxidation from the photo-irradiation. Excellent synergism is observed between the combination of HALS and UVA. PVC with HALS/UVA performs better than PVC with HALS and PVC with UVA in color differences, FTIR, and mechanical properties. The synergism is due to the different stages of functions between HALS and UVA.

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Plasticizer migration from cross‐linked flexible PVC: Effects on tribology and hardness

Ambrogi

Brostow

Carfagna

et al. 2011

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Uses of flexible poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) are restricted by plasticizer migration affecting material properties. Moreover, the use of phthalate-based plasticizers is being questioned worldwide because of their potential toxicity to humans and environment. Chemical modification of PVC structure is one of the most effective tools for reduction of plasticizer diffusion. In this work, a flexible dry blend based on cross-linked PVC was obtained using a difunctional amine, namely isophoron diamine (IPDA) as the cross-linking agent. The gel fraction was evaluated from insoluble portions obtained by means of solvent extraction; the efficiency of cross-linking in reducing the plasticizer leaching was evaluated by migration tests. Effects of addition of IPDA on PVC thermal stability were determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The cross-linking reaction turned out to be responsible for accelerating thermal degradation. Tribological properties of flexible uncross-linked, cross-linked and rigid PVC were determined. Flexible formulations were held in contact for 32 days with rigid PVC sheets. Plasticizer migration towards the interface caused an increase of dynamic friction compared to that of the reference rigid PVC.Vickers microhardness h Vickers values of rigid PVC sheets decreased due to plasticizer surface absorption

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Crosslinking of PVC formulations treated with UV light

Cited by 6 publications

References 10 publications

Crosslinking of PVC formulations treated with UV light. II. Color formation and viscoelastic properties

Crosslinking of PVC formulations treated with UV light. II. Color formation and viscoelastic properties

Synergistic effect of hindered amine light stabilizers/ultraviolet absorbers on the plasticized PVC during photo‐irradiation

Plasticizer migration from cross‐linked flexible PVC: Effects on tribology and hardness

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