Crowd evacuation simulation for bioterrorism in micro-spatial environments based on virtual geographic environments

Song, Yang; Gong, Jianhua; Li, Yang; Cui, Tiejun; Fang, Li‐Qun; Cao, Wu‐Chun

doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2012.08.011

Cited by 65 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…(comment #7 in Table 1), comments that referred to panic simply as an extreme state of fear or stress during emergencies [11] (comment #8 in Table 1), and also those that described panic manifested as nonhumanistic behaviour [15], imitative behaviour [16], or physically competitive behaviour [17]. It is unlikely that all these conditions can exist at the same time which suggests the theory of panic is not clearly defined and has remained so for many years.…”

Section: Modmentioning

confidence: 99%

Panic, Irrationality, and Herding: Three Ambiguous Terms in Crowd Dynamics Research

Haghani

Cristiani

Bode

et al. 2019

Journal of Advanced Transportation

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Background. The three terms “panic”, “irrationality”, and “herding” are ubiquitous in the crowd dynamics literature and have a strong influence on both modelling and management practices. The terms are also commonly shared between the scientific and nonscientific domains. The pervasiveness of the use of these terms is to the point where their underlying assumptions have often been treated as common knowledge by both experts and lay persons. Yet, at the same time, the literature on crowd dynamics presents ample debate, contradiction, and inconsistency on these topics. Method. This review is the first to systematically revisit these three terms in a unified study to highlight the scope of this debate. We extracted from peer-reviewed journal articles direct quotes that offer a definition, conceptualisation, or supporting/contradicting evidence on these terms and/or their underlying theories. To further examine the suitability of the term herding, a secondary and more detailed analysis is also conducted on studies that have specifically investigated this phenomenon in empirical settings. Results. The review shows that (i) there is no consensus on the definition for the terms panic and irrationality and that (ii) the literature is highly divided along discipline lines on how accurate these theories/terminologies are for describing human escape behaviour. The review reveals a complete division and disconnection between studies published by social scientists and those from the physical science domain and also between studies whose main focus is on numerical simulation versus those with empirical focus. (iii) Despite the ambiguity of the definitions and the missing consensus in the literature, these terms are still increasingly and persistently mentioned in crowd evacuation studies. (iv) Different to panic and irrationality, there is relative consistency in definitions of the term herding, with the term usually being associated with ‘(blind) imitation’. However, based on the findings of empirical studies, we argue why, despite the relative consistency in meaning, (v) the term herding itself lacks adequate nuance and accuracy for describing the role of ‘social influence’ in escape behaviour. Our conclusions also emphasise the importance of distinguishing between the social influence on various aspects of evacuation behaviour and avoiding generalisation across various behavioural layers. Conclusions. We argue that the use of these three terms in the scientific literature does not contribute constructively to extending the knowledge or to improving the modelling capabilities in the field of crowd dynamics. This is largely due to the ambiguity of these terms, the overly simplistic nature of their assumptions, or the fact that the theories they represent are not readily verifiable. Recommendations. We suggest that it would be beneficial for advancing this research field that the phenomena related to these three terms are clearly defined by more tangible and quantifiable terms and be formulated as verifiable hypotheses, so they can be operationalized for empirical testing.

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Section: Modmentioning

confidence: 99%

Panic, Irrationality, and Herding: Three Ambiguous Terms in Crowd Dynamics Research

Haghani

Cristiani

Bode

et al. 2019

Journal of Advanced Transportation

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“…[12] -Song et al (2013) proposed a framework and key technologies for exhaust simulation to support efficient emergency evacuation in bioterrorism scenarios. [13] -Mao et al (2012) proposed a probabilistic inference method that could analyze agent behavior from aspects of objectives, events, and states, and consider the agent's willingness in group decision-making. [14] -Manzoor et al (2013) analyzed the role of emotion regulation in socially affected decision making from three aspects: regulation of feelings, affective infection, and evaluation of feelings.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulating Evacuation Crowd with Emo-tion and Personality

Juárez

Maizanche

Matilla

et al. 2018

ADCAIJ

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Crowd evacuation has attracted great attention, the number of emergencies continues to increase. Thanks to the technology, it is possible to deduce the behavior of the crowd in emergencies, improving security. The multitude enters into a state of panic, so it is necessary to have action protocols for these situations. This work tries to establish a multi-agent model of emotional contagion that simulates the behavior of the crowd in an evacuation. The method is proposed for closed areas such as supermarkets, stadiums, soccer, stadiums, etc. The emotional contagion will accelerate the evacuation, but the congestion will occur if the panic emotion is spread too fast.

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“…Various CA-based evacuation models are proposed to simulate the dynamic movements of evacuees considering individual characteristics and interactions, and the evacuation routes can be selected dynamically according to specific criteria (Burstedde et al 2001;Chen and Zhan 2008;Helbing et al 2003;Hu et al 2014;Li et al 2015;Song et al 2013;Tang and Ren 2012;Varas et al 2007;Yuan and Tan 2011;Zheng et al 2011). Among the relevant papers, Zheng et al (2011) propose a dynamic evacuation model based on cellular automata, considering the effect of fire spreading on evacuation in indoor areas.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

An integrated emergency response model for toxic gas release accidents based on cellular automata

Cao

Tian

et al. 2016

Ann Oper Res

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An integrated emergency response model based on cellular automata (CA) is proposed for the toxic gas release accidents that happen in the energy and chemical industry. This integrated emergency response model consists of three sub-models: a toxic gas dispersion model, a dynamic evaluation model for accident consequences, and an evacuation route selection model. When a toxic gas release accident happens, the dispersion model predicts the distribution of toxic gas concentration, the evaluation model estimates the consequences in terms of probability of death, expected fatalities and impact scope caused by the accident, and the route selection model provides the safest evacuation route for evacuees. The three sub-models run simultaneously and present real-time results. The proposed model is applied to an ammonia gas release accident in an energy and chemical enterprise, and the corresponding model results are discussed. The efficiency of emergency response for toxic gas release accidents can be further improved through the proposed integrated emergency response model based on CA.

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Crowd evacuation simulation for bioterrorism in micro-spatial environments based on virtual geographic environments

Cited by 65 publications

References 21 publications

Panic, Irrationality, and Herding: Three Ambiguous Terms in Crowd Dynamics Research

Panic, Irrationality, and Herding: Three Ambiguous Terms in Crowd Dynamics Research

Simulating Evacuation Crowd with Emo-tion and Personality

An integrated emergency response model for toxic gas release accidents based on cellular automata

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