Crown conductance and tree and stand transpiration in a second-growth<i>Abies amabilis</i>forest

Martin, Timothy A.; Brown, K.J; Čermák, Jan; Ceulemans, R.; Kučera, Jiří; Meinzer, F. C.; Rombold, John S.; Sprugel, Douglas G.; Hinckley, Thomas M.

doi:10.1139/x97-006

Cited by 114 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…However, these values are plausible if compared with other findings [38,39] that show a frequent occurrence of negative Bowen ratios above wet forest canopies, corresponding to downward fluxes of sensible heat and to evaporation rates that exceed net radiation severalfold. This corresponds also to the recent study of Martin et al [25], who demonstrated that an infinite surface conductance (representing wet leaf surfaces) would increase forest evaporation severalfold under a given radiation input. The observed amount for E i of 16 % of P G for beech and alder forest is even lower than the 29 % reported by Nizinski and Saugier [29] for the above-mentioned oak forest of Fontainebleau, but matches a range that is typical for broadleaved forests in temperate regions [18,30].…”

Section: The Alder Standsupporting

confidence: 89%

Water use in neighbouring stands of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.)

1999

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Section: The Alder Standsupporting

confidence: 89%

Water use in neighbouring stands of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.)

1999

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“…An exponential rise to a maximum is the form commonly used to describe stomatal response to light (Jarvis 1976). Many forms of non-linear functions have been used to describe the decrease in G S with increases in D (see Lohammar et al 1980;Massman and Kaufmann 1991;McNaughton and Jarvis 1991;Granier and Loustau 1994;McCaughey and Iacobelli 1994;Monteith 1995;Dang et al 1997;Martin et al 1997). Models use these functions to generate a multiplier, one of several used in multipleconstraint functions, to reduce maximum g S or G S to estimates of actual conductance (see Schulze et al 1994); maximum conductance is determined for each species under non-limiting environmental conditions (e.g., high irradiance without water limitation; Dai et al 1992).…”

Section: Daytime Responses Of G S To E L Q O and Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To facilitate a comparison of G S response to D between the pre-and post-hurricane period, an evaluation of all predictions was made on data selected from scatterplots of G S versus D, based on a boundary line analysis (Martin et al 1997;Schäfer et al 2000). This was necessary because light measurements were not available for a conditional sampling of data in the posthurricane period.…”

Section: Daytime Responses Of G S To E L Q O and Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, even under these conditions, resistance to water movement in the rhizosphere increases diurnally in direct relation to the transpiration rate and soil properties, both of which control how fast moisture is depleted near the roots (Kramer 1983;see also Aylmore 1993). This is reflected in the tendency of models to overestimate stomatal conductance in the afternoon (Martin et al 1997), and the need to use timeof-day as a variable to account for the overestimation (Körner 1993). As a result, the assumption of small and constant root-soil resistance is only partially correct, even under conditions of low transpiration rates, or where plants with high root-to-leaf surface area ratios are monitored while absorbing water from moist, fine soils (Carbon et al 1980;Sperry et al 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sensitivity of mean canopy stomatal conductance to vapor pressure deficit in a flooded Taxodium distichum L. forest: hydraulic and non-hydraulic effects

et al. 2001

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We measured the xylem sap flux in 64-yearold Taxodium distichum (L.) Richard trees growing in a flooded forest using Granier-type sensors to estimate mean canopy stomatal conductance of the stand (G S ). Temporal variations in G S were investigated in relation to variation in vapor pressure deficit (D), photosynthetic photon flux density (Q o ), and the transpiration rate per unit of leaf area (E L ), the latter variable serving as a proxy for plant water potential. We found that G S was only weakly related to Q o below 500 µmol m -2 s -1 (r 2 =0.29), but unrelated to Q o above this value. Above Q o =500 µmol m -2 s -1 and D=0.6 kPa, G S decreased linearly with increasing E L with a poor fit (r 2 =0.31), and linearly with lnD with a much better fit (r 2 =0.81). The decrease of G S with lnD was at a rate predicted based on a simple hydraulic model in which stomata regulate the minimum leaf water potential. Based on the hydraulic model, stomatal sensitivity to D is proportional to stomatal conductance at low D. A hurricane caused an ~41% reduction in leaf area. This resulted in a 28% increase in G S at D=1 kPa (G Sref ), indicating only partial compensation. As predicted, the increase in G Sref after the hurricane was accompanied by a similar increase in stomatal sensitivity to D (29%). At night, G Sref was 20% of the daytime value under non-limiting light (Q o >500 µmol m -2 s -1 ). However, stomatal sensitivity to D decreased only to ~46% (both reductions referenced to prehurricane daytime values), thus having more than twice the sensitivity expected based on hydraulic considerations alone. Therefore, non-hydraulic processes must cause heightened nighttime stomatal sensitivity to D.

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“…Maple SFD appears to be maximal later (DOY 193 in 2001), i.e. around 11:30-12:00 (UT) and to end up earlier than oak SFD, which is probably a consequence of its intermediary position in the canopy [30].…”

Section: Sap Flux Densities Diurnal Patternmentioning

confidence: 94%

Evapotranspiration of a declining Quercus robur (L.) stand from 1999 to 2001. I. Trees and forest floor daily transpiration

et al. 2005

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-Water use of a Quercus robur (L.) declining stand was estimated from 1999 to 2001 by measuring independently tree canopy and herb layer transpiration. Two plots differing in density were compared. Oak daily sap flux density kinetic is well synchronised with potential evapotranspiration (PET) daily time course. Despite differences in density, stand structure and LAI spatial organisation, oak transpiration (T, mm d -1 ) is quite the same between plots. The declining trees are very responsive to the PET fluctuations, but their daily response is low (T ≤ 1 mm d -1 ; T/PET < 0.3). A combination of soil constraints and low, disorganised LAI could induce this low transpiration capability. According to its phenology, density and the above canopy closure, the herbaceous layer contributes to at least the same but often more water consumption than the oak (up to 2.9 mm d -1 ). Therefore it cannot be neglected in water balance calculations.

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Crown conductance and tree and stand transpiration in a second-growthAbies amabilisforest

Cited by 114 publications

References 44 publications

Water use in neighbouring stands of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.)

Water use in neighbouring stands of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.)

Sensitivity of mean canopy stomatal conductance to vapor pressure deficit in a flooded Taxodium distichum L. forest: hydraulic and non-hydraulic effects

Evapotranspiration of a declining Quercus robur (L.) stand from 1999 to 2001. I. Trees and forest floor daily transpiration

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