Crucial roles of 3D–MoO2–PBC cocatalytic electrodes in the enhanced degradation of imidacloprid in heterogeneous electro–Fenton system: Degradation mechanisms and toxicity attenuation

Nitrogen-Doped Graphdiyne Nanotubes for Metal-Free Activation of Peroxymonosulfate and Enhanced Degradation of Recalcitrant Heterocyclic Contaminants

“…Hydroxylation is considered the primary mechanism for dechlorination (the cleavage of the C–Cl bond) in the NTP transformations. The high electronegativity and bond energy endow C–Cl bonds with relatively strong stability. ,, The nonhalogenated pathway of NTP was based on the hydroxylation of the C–Cl bond, indicating the strong oxidation capacity of the NGNT–PMS reaction system. Additionally, the formed products of OP-173 and OP-332 ( m / z 173.99 and 332.05) in the halogenated pathway were identified as the intermediates by hydroxylation.…”

“…Heterocyclic contaminants, especially with the incorporation of N atoms, pose a significant threat to humans and other organisms due to their strong teratogenicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity. − A series of emerging recalcitrant heterocyclic contaminants, e.g., nitenpyram (NTP), thiamethoxam (THM), imidacloprid (IMI), and thiacloprid (THA), have N -heterocyclic frameworks, such as pyridine, thiazole, and imidazole. , Increasing evidence suggests that short exposure to NTP could induce colonic mucosal damage, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, chronic brain toxicity response, and negative effects on reproduction, development, and metabolic gene expression. − Exposure to THM and its degradation intermediates leads to hepatotoxicity and hepatocarcinogenicity . Long-term IMI intake increases reproductive organ damage with increasing concentration due to the oxidative toxicity of DNA .…”

A Novel Natural Iron-Rich Tourmaline Activated Bisulfite System for the Efficient Degradation of Aqueous Imidacloprid

“…I.3 could be further oxidized to form I.4, followed by the cleavage of the heterocycle to form I.5, , which was eventually converted into small molecules such as CO 2 and H 2 O. Meanwhile, the intermediate I.1 could be further carbonylated to generate I.2 . In the pathway II, first, the nitro group of IMI was attacked by free radicals to promote the formation the denitration intermediate I.6 .…”

“…Numerous studies have reported technologies for the removal of IMI, including adsorption, , Electro-Fenton oxidation, , photocatalytic oxidation, − ferrate oxidation, , and persulfate oxidation. − Among them, persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been vastly studied for organic wastewater treatment due to the fact that the SO 4 •– generated in the persulfate oxidation process had a higher standard redox potential (SO 4 •– : 2.5–3.1 eV) and a prolonged half-life (30–40 μs) compared to • OH. − Nevertheless, considering the cost factor caused by the persulfate-based AOPs, there are still non-negligible limitations in their practical applications. In contrast, bisulfite (BS) has the advantages of low cost, low toxicity, and high activity .…”

Photocatalytic removal of imidacloprid containing frequently applied insecticide in agriculture industry using Co3O4 modified MoO3 composites

“…Moreover, the successful contribution of Co 3 O 4 in enhancing the photocatalytic activity of CeO 2 , g-C 3 N 4 , TiO 2 , Bi 2 O 3 and Fe 2 O 3 while generating photo-excitons’ separation is well established ( Ranjith et al, 2019 ; Niu et al, 2022 ; Reena et al, 2022 ). Previously, rare studies are available for the removal of imidacloprid over MoO 3 -based photocatalysts ( Adabavazeh et al, 2021 ; Zhang et al, 2021 ). However, there is no investigation is present yet for the removal of imidacloprid and Greeda over Co 3 O 4 -modified orthorhombic MoO 3 under the illumination of natural sunlight.…”