Abstract:The ability to preserve stem cells/cells with minimal damage for short and long periods of time is essential for advancements in biomedical therapies and biotechnology. New methods of cell banking are continuously needed to provide effective damage prevention to cells. This paper puts forward a solution to the problem of the low viability of cells during cryopreservation in a traditional suspension and storage by developing innovative multiple emulsion-based carriers for the encapsulation and cryopreservation … Show more
“…MEs have attracted many attentions playing roles as vehicles to enhance drug delivery of econazole nitrate as an antifungal targeted to deep-seated epidermal yeast infection 9 ; pH-responsive cargos for effective tumor therapy to reduce the toxicity of conventional chemotherapy 10 ; targeted drug delivery for the therapy of artery embolization and liver cancer 11 ; and Ca-Alg/chistosan microcapsules system with embedded multivesicular liposome microparticles for diabetes treatment 12 . MEs have also demonstrated pronounced performance, such as decreasing blood cholesterol in a more effective method using encapsulated B-Sitosterol with enhanced solubility in water 13 ; minimizing damage to living cells during the freezing process 14 ; stabilizing coacervation process of raspberry anthocyanin known for its antioxidant activity 15 ; and advanced physicochemical stabilization for therapeutic evaluation of topical hydrogels containing vitamin C-loaded self-double-emulsifying drug delivery system 16 . Other proven applications of MEs include skin infection treatment using Clotrimazole 17 ; exceptional permeability of MEs atenolol self-double emulsifying drugs for gastrointestinal aqueous environment 18 ; and effective digestion performance in intestinal fluids using Pickering MEs microstructures 19 .Figure 1Formation of multiple emulsions (MEs) using different methods.…”
Multiple Emulsions (MEs) contain a drop laden with many micro-droplets. A single-step microfluidic-based synthesis process of MEs is presented to provide a rapid and controlled generation of monodisperse MEs. The design relies on the interaction of three immiscible fluids with each other in subsequent droplet formation steps to generate monodisperse ME constructs. The design is within a microchannel consists of two compartments of cross-junction and T-junction. The high shear stress at the cross-junction creates a stagnation point that splits the first immiscible phase to four jet streams each of which are sprayed to micrometer droplets surrounded by the second phase. The resulted structure is then supported by the third phase at the T-junction to generate and transport MEs. The ME formation within microfluidics is numerically simulated and the effects of several key parameters on properties of MEs are investigated. The dimensionless modeling of ME formation enables to change only one parameter at the time and analyze the sensitivity of the system to each parameter. The results demonstrate the capability of highly controlled and high-throughput MEs formation in a one-step synthesis process. The consecutive MEs are monodisperse in size which open avenues for the generation of controlled MEs for different applications.
“…MEs have attracted many attentions playing roles as vehicles to enhance drug delivery of econazole nitrate as an antifungal targeted to deep-seated epidermal yeast infection 9 ; pH-responsive cargos for effective tumor therapy to reduce the toxicity of conventional chemotherapy 10 ; targeted drug delivery for the therapy of artery embolization and liver cancer 11 ; and Ca-Alg/chistosan microcapsules system with embedded multivesicular liposome microparticles for diabetes treatment 12 . MEs have also demonstrated pronounced performance, such as decreasing blood cholesterol in a more effective method using encapsulated B-Sitosterol with enhanced solubility in water 13 ; minimizing damage to living cells during the freezing process 14 ; stabilizing coacervation process of raspberry anthocyanin known for its antioxidant activity 15 ; and advanced physicochemical stabilization for therapeutic evaluation of topical hydrogels containing vitamin C-loaded self-double-emulsifying drug delivery system 16 . Other proven applications of MEs include skin infection treatment using Clotrimazole 17 ; exceptional permeability of MEs atenolol self-double emulsifying drugs for gastrointestinal aqueous environment 18 ; and effective digestion performance in intestinal fluids using Pickering MEs microstructures 19 .Figure 1Formation of multiple emulsions (MEs) using different methods.…”
Multiple Emulsions (MEs) contain a drop laden with many micro-droplets. A single-step microfluidic-based synthesis process of MEs is presented to provide a rapid and controlled generation of monodisperse MEs. The design relies on the interaction of three immiscible fluids with each other in subsequent droplet formation steps to generate monodisperse ME constructs. The design is within a microchannel consists of two compartments of cross-junction and T-junction. The high shear stress at the cross-junction creates a stagnation point that splits the first immiscible phase to four jet streams each of which are sprayed to micrometer droplets surrounded by the second phase. The resulted structure is then supported by the third phase at the T-junction to generate and transport MEs. The ME formation within microfluidics is numerically simulated and the effects of several key parameters on properties of MEs are investigated. The dimensionless modeling of ME formation enables to change only one parameter at the time and analyze the sensitivity of the system to each parameter. The results demonstrate the capability of highly controlled and high-throughput MEs formation in a one-step synthesis process. The consecutive MEs are monodisperse in size which open avenues for the generation of controlled MEs for different applications.
“…Extrusion methods majorly include two methods: electrostatic spray and air-jet encapsulation technology. These are commonly used for cell encapsulation owing to their high throughput and production of evenly sized beads [61].…”
Section: Extrusion Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These methods can be broadly divided into three categories, namely emulsion/thermal gelation, extrusion (electrostatic spray, air flow nozzle, and vibrating nozzle), and microfluidic method [58]. Choice of method depends on two main factors: capability to maintain high cell viability/function and ability to control the capsule phenotypic characteristic such as size, shape, strength, and permeability [61].…”
Cell cryopreservation has evolved as an important technology required for supporting various cell-based applications, such as stem cell therapy, tissue engineering, and assisted reproduction. Recent times have witnessed an increase in the clinical demand of these applications, requiring urgent improvements in cell cryopreservation. However, cryopreservation technology suffers from the issues of low cryopreservation efficiency and cryoprotectant (CPA) toxicity. Application of advanced biotechnology tools can significantly improve post-thaw cell survival and reduce or even eliminate the use of organic solvent CPAs, thus promoting the development of cryopreservation. Herein, based on the different cryopreservation mechanisms available, we provide an overview of the applications and achievements of various biotechnology tools used in cell cryopreservation, including trehalose delivery, hydrogel-based cell encapsulation technique, droplet-based cell printing, and nanowarming, and also discuss the associated challenges and perspectives for future development.
“…The emulsions preparation conditions are shown in Table 1. The detailed procedure for the preparation of the emulsion can be found in the previous authors' works 26,27,28 . In short, the internal water phase (W1) with DOX and soybean oil as an organic membrane phase (O) were introduced in the inlet cross-section of the CTF apparatus and intensively mixed to create simple emulsions W1/O.…”
Section: Preparation and Characterization Of Multiple Emulsions With Anti-cancer Drug (Drop Size Viscosity)mentioning
The advanced use of a pH-responsive biomaterial-based injectable liquid
implant for effective chemotherapeutic delivery in glioblastoma
multiforme brain (GBM) tumour treatment is presented. As an implant, we
proposed a water-in-oil-in-water multiple emulsion with encapsulated
doxorubicin. The effectiveness of the proposed therapy was evaluated by
comparing the cancer cell viability achieved in classical therapy
(chemotherapeutic solution). The experimental study included doxorubicin
release rates and consumption for two emulsions differing in drop sizes
and structures in the presence of GBM-cells (LN229, U87 MG), and a cell
viability. The results showed that the multiple emulsion implant was
significantly more effective than classical therapy when considering the
reduction in cancer cell viability: 85% for the emulsion-implant, and
only 43% for the classical therapy. A diffusion-reaction model was
adapted to predict doxorubicin release kinetics and elimination by
glioblastoma cells. CFD simulations confirmed that the drug release
kinetics depends on multiple emulsion structures and drop sizes.
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