Cryotherapy: biochemical alterations involved in reduction of damage induced by exhaustive exercise

Abstract

When exercises are done in intense or exhaustive modes, several acute biochemical mechanisms are triggered. The use of cryotherapy as cold-water immersion is largely used to accelerate the process of muscular recovery based on its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. The present study aimed to study the biochemical effects of cold-water immersion treatment in mice submitted to exercise-induced exhaustion. Swiss albino mice were divided into 4 treatment groups: control, cold-water immersion (CWI), swimming exhaustive protocol (SEP), and SEP+CWI. Treatment groups were subdivided into times of analysis: 0, 1, 3, and 5 days. Exhaustion groups were submitted to one SEP session, and the CWI groups submitted to one immersion session (12 min at 12°C) every 24 h. Reactive species production, inflammatory, cell viability, and antioxidant status were assessed. The SEP+CWI group showed a decrease in inflammatory damage biomarkers, and reactive species production, and presented increased cell viability compared to the SEP group. Furthermore, CWI increased acetylcholinesterase activity in the first two sessions. The present study showed that CWI was an effective treatment after exercise-induced muscle damage. It enhanced anti-inflammatory response, decreased reactive species production, increased cell viability, and promoted redox balance, which could decrease the time for the recovery process.

Effect of electrophysical resources on healing of neurotendinous injury in an experimental model of type I diabetes and kidney disease

“…The time chosen was sufficient to cool the area according to the literary findings. These corroborate the study by Furtado et al 10 , who applied in their study the protocol of immersion in cold water for five consecutive days, after a single session of exhaustive exercise, with the temperature of 12°C, for 12 minutes, immersing the whole body. They also demonstrated that treatment with immersion in cold water after a session of intense exercise was able to decrease the formation and damage of ROS and increase cell viability, favoring a faster recovery of muscle tissue.…”

“…The therapeutic protocol adopted for five consecutive days aimed to analyze the initial effects of the application of different electrotherapeutic resources: immersion cryotherapy, LLLT and ILIB, in the tissue healing process in healthy organisms and patients with kidney disease associated with DM. In the literature, there is still little described about the effects of the application of these resources, in view of the conditions of these associated metabolic disorders 10 , 14 .…”

“…There are data in the literature that prove the power to weaken and delay the infiltration of inflammatory cells after the application of cryotherapy, which can be explained by the vasoconstriction induced by cold, promoting reduction in cell permeability and lymphatic vessels and capillaries, which, in turn, reduces leakage of liquid into the interstitium 10 .…”

α-Klotho Expression in Mouse Tissues Following Acute Exhaustive Exercise

“…However, not all types of exercises are good for health. For instance, an exhaustive exercise may damage multiple organs, which is induced by oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and hormonal changes (Olaìh et al, 2015;Kawanishi et al, 2016;Ke et al, 2016;Liu et al, 2017;Furtado et al, 2018;Yada et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2019). Certainly, if it is one bout of acute exhaustive exercise, the body can adapt to the imbalances and then recover to the normal state in a few days.…”

Stimulation of the Proteinaseproteinase Inhibitor System as a Result of Immersion Hypothermia [

“…Занурення в холодну воду широко використовується для прискорення процесу відновлення м'язів завдяки протизапальним та знеболюючим ефектам [3,9]. При цьому знижується вироблення реактивних речовин, відновлюється окисно-відновлювальний баланс, підвищується життєздатність клітин [9].…”