Cryptococcal Osteomyelitis: Case Report and Review

Cryptococcosis and tuberculosis co-infection at a university hospital in Taiwan, 1993–2006

“…Over the previous 20 years, only nine cases of co-infection have been reported in the English literature [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Our results show that cryptococcosis and TB co-infection, although rare in the general population, is not uncommon in patients with either cryptococcosis or TB and that it can develop in patients without an evident immunocompromised state.…”

Cryptococcus neoformans Abscess and Osteomyelitis in an Immunocompetent Patient with Tuberculous Lymphadenitis

“…The presence of both tuberculosis and cryptococcosis in the same patients is interesting and was reported in three patients [5,17,20] (Table 1). C. neoformans inhibits the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-18, and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) (Th1 responses) and stimulates production of IL-10 (a Th2 response) [46].…”

“…The main presentation of cryptococcal disease in HIV-seronegative patients is disseminated cryptococcosis and occurs in 62% of these patients [3]. On the other hand, isolated cryptococcal osteomyelitis is rare [4,5]. Here, we describe an immunocompetent patient with cryptococcal vertebral osteomyelitis and concomitant tuberculous lymphadenitis.…”

Three Cases of Concurrent Infection with <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> and <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i>

“…Over the previous two decades, only a few cases of co-infection have been reported in the English literature (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). Between 1993 and 2006, cryptococcosis and tuberculosis co-infection was reported at one university hospital in Taiwan.…”