Crystal facet engineering of semiconductor photocatalysts: motivations, advances and unique properties

Liu, Gang; Yu, Jimmy C.; Lu, Gao Qing; Cheng, Hui‐Ming

doi:10.1039/c1cc10665a

Cited by 919 publications

(715 citation statements)

References 216 publications

(214 reference statements)

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“…It has been demonstrated that exposed high-energy surfaces are crucial for improving the chemical activity of TiO 2 (refs 34,35). Although the surface energy of anatase {010} (0.53 J m À 2 ) was calculated to be between those of {001} (0.90 J m À 2 ) and {101} (0.44 J m À 2 ), no {010} appears in the equilibrium shape of anatase crystals or nanostructures 35 . The presence of the high percentage of exposed high-energy anatase {010} surfaces in the ultrathin 2D TiO 2 nanosheets would endow them with high chemical activity 35 .…”

Section: Synthesis and Microscopy Characterizations Of 2d Nanosheetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the surface energy of anatase {010} (0.53 J m À 2 ) was calculated to be between those of {001} (0.90 J m À 2 ) and {101} (0.44 J m À 2 ), no {010} appears in the equilibrium shape of anatase crystals or nanostructures 35 . The presence of the high percentage of exposed high-energy anatase {010} surfaces in the ultrathin 2D TiO 2 nanosheets would endow them with high chemical activity 35 . For the exposed surfaces of ZnO, Co 3 O 4 and WO 3 , however, no such high-energy exposed surfaces were observed.…”

Section: Synthesis and Microscopy Characterizations Of 2d Nanosheetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Generalized self-assembly of scalable two-dimensional transition metal oxide nanosheets

et al. 2014

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Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal oxide systems present exotic electronic properties and high specific surface areas, and also demonstrate promising applications ranging from electronics to energy storage. Yet, in contrast to other types of nanostructures, the question as to whether we could assemble 2D nanomaterials with an atomic thickness from molecules in a general way, which may give them some interesting properties such as those of graphene, still remains unresolved. Herein, we report a generalized and fundamental approach to molecular self-assembly synthesis of ultrathin 2D nanosheets of transition metal oxides by rationally employing lamellar reverse micelles. It is worth emphasizing that the synthesized crystallized ultrathin transition metal oxide nanosheets possess confined thickness, high specific surface area and chemically reactive facets, so that they could have promising applications in nanostructured electronics, photonics, sensors, and energy conversion and storage devices.

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Section: Synthesis and Microscopy Characterizations Of 2d Nanosheetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Synthesis and Microscopy Characterizations Of 2d Nanosheetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generalized self-assembly of scalable two-dimensional transition metal oxide nanosheets

et al. 2014

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“…Thus, certain facets of a semiconductor prefer reduction while others favour oxidation [18][19][20] . However, reports on the reduction and oxidation reaction facets on the same semiconductor crystal (such as TiO 2 ) were often contradictory in the literature [21][22][23][24][25][26] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial separation of photogenerated electrons and holes among {010} and {110} crystal facets of BiVO4

et al. 2013

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Charge separation is crucial for increasing the activity of semiconductor-based photocatalysts, especially in water splitting reactions. Here we show, using monoclinic bismuth vanadate crystal as a model photocatalyst, that efficient charge separation can be achieved on different crystal facets, as evidenced by the reduction reaction with photogenerated electrons and oxidation reaction with photogenerated holes, which take place separately on the {010} and {110} facets under photo-irradiation. Based on this finding, the reduction and oxidation cocatalysts are selectively deposited on the {010} and {110} facets respectively, resulting in much higher activity in both photocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic water oxidation reactions, compared with the photocatalyst with randomly distributed cocatalysts. These results show that the photogenrated electrons and holes can be separated between the different facets of semiconductor crystals. This finding may be useful in semiconductor physics and chemistry to construct highly efficient solar energy conversion systems.

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“…In addition, the difference in surface energies of the conduction and valence bands of different crystal facets of titania can promote the separation of electrons and holes [12]. The shape of an anatase titania single crystal, which determines the type of the exposed crystal facet, has recently been recognized as a potential key factor influencing photocatalytic efficiency and selectivity [13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decahedral-shaped anatase titania photocatalyst particles: Synthesis in a newly developed coaxial-flow gas-phase reactor

Janczarek

Kowalska

Ohtani

2016

Chemical Engineering Journal

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Decahedral-shaped anatase particles (DAPs) were prepared by a gas-phase process consisting of titanium(IV) chloride oxidation. The use of a coaxial-flow gas-phase reactor resulted in high reaction yield (ca. 70%) and good reproducibility of DAPs production. The influence of controlled and resultant preparation parameters on the process course and on DAPs properties (such as specific surface area, particle size and particle morphology) is discussed in detail.Correlations between preparation parameters and product properties indicated the best conditions for obtaining DAPs of high quality and thus with a high level of photocatalytic activity for various reaction systems.Keywords: anatase titania, decahedral-shaped particles, gas-phase synthesis, coaxial-flow reactor, photocatalytic activityconcentration of TiCl 4 vapor in gas phase (vol%) amount of powder collected from the glassfiber filter (g) length of the reaction zone (m) line speed ratio of reactant gases internal pressure (kPa) particle aspect ratio primary particle size (nm) particle shape distribution (%) particle size heterogeneity radial distance (m) reaction tube radius (m) Reynolds numbersecondary particle size (nm) specific surface area (m 2 g -1 ) amount of powder collected from the reaction tube (g) furnace temperature (K) residence time (s) average volumetric flow rate of the gas mixture (m 3 s -1 ) volumetric flow rate of argon (m 3 s -1 ) volumetric flow rate of oxygen (m 3 s -1 ) volumetric flow rate of TiCl 4 vapor (m 3 s -1 ) volumetric flow rate of TiCl 4 liquid (m 3 s -1 ) viscosity of the gas mixture (Pa s) density of the gas mixture (kg m -3 )

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Crystal facet engineering of semiconductor photocatalysts: motivations, advances and unique properties

Cited by 919 publications

References 216 publications

Generalized self-assembly of scalable two-dimensional transition metal oxide nanosheets

Generalized self-assembly of scalable two-dimensional transition metal oxide nanosheets

Spatial separation of photogenerated electrons and holes among {010} and {110} crystal facets of BiVO4

Decahedral-shaped anatase titania photocatalyst particles: Synthesis in a newly developed coaxial-flow gas-phase reactor

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