Crystal Structures of Pigment Red 170 and Derivatives, as Determined by X‐ray Powder Diffraction

Three-dimensional electron diffraction data was collected with our recently developed module for automated diffraction tomography and used to solve inorganic as well as organic crystal structures ab initio. The diffraction data, which covers nearly the full relevant reciprocal space, was collected in the standard nano electron diffraction mode as well as in combination with the precession technique and was subsequently processed with a newly developed automated diffraction analysis and processing software package. Non-precessed data turned out to be sufficient for ab initio structure solution by direct methods for simple crystal structures only, while precessed data allowed structure solution and refinement in all of the studied cases.

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“…Preliminary experiments were done with Pigment Red 170 [29]. The detection of partial disorder effects seems to be very promising.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated diffraction tomography combined with electron precession: a new tool forab initionanostructure analysis

2009

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“…The relationship between film morphology and photooxidative stability is not unique to OPV materials ‐ morphology and film density is also observed to strongly affect the reactivity of molecular crystals and organic pigments. In fact, in many such systems the molecular arrangement and the physical constraints imposed in the solid state are found to have a greater impact on a material's photostability than the innate reactivity of the materials itself . Increasing film density is one method to improve the stability of organic pigments.…”

Section: Extrinsic Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in Understanding Degradation Mechanisms and Improving Stability in Organic Photovoltaics

Mateker¹,

McGehee²

2016

Advanced Materials

382

337

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Understanding the degradation mechanisms of organic photovoltaics is particularly important, as they tend to degrade faster than their inorganic counterparts, such as silicon and cadmium telluride. An overview is provided here of the main degradation mechanisms that researchers have identified so far that cause extrinsic degradation from oxygen and water, intrinsic degradation in the dark, and photo-induced burn-in. In addition, it provides methods for researchers to identify these mechanisms in new materials and device structures to screen them more quickly for promising long-term performance. These general strategies will likely be helpful in other photovoltaic technologies that suffer from insufficient stability, such as perovskite solar cells. Finally, the most promising lifetime results are highlighted and recommendations to improve long-term performance are made. To prevent degradation from oxygen and water for sufficiently long time periods, OPVs will likely need to be encapsulated by barrier materials with lower permeation rates of oxygen and water than typical flexible substrate materials. To improve stability at operating temperatures, materials will likely require glass transition temperatures above 100 °C. Methods to prevent photo-induced burn-in are least understood, but recent research indicates that using pure materials with dense and ordered film morphologies can reduce the burn-in effect.

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“…The rods have a mean length L of 230 nm ± 70 nm and a mean diameter D of 46 nm ± 20 nm (see Fig. 1b) [24].…”

Section: System and Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collective dynamics in dispersions of anisometric pigment particles

May

Stannarius

Kang³

et al. 2018

Journal of Molecular Liquids

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Dynamics of suspensions of solid rodlike pigment particles in a non-polar solvent were studied in a concentration range from the isotropic up to orientationally ordered nematic-like phase. Using dynamic light scattering and gradient recovery measurements, we studied the rotational and translational diffusion coefficients. We demonstrate that the translational diffusion coefficient in this system is increasing with increasing concentration of the pigment particles in the vicinity of the transition into an ordered phase. This unexpected behaviour can be attributed to the collective interactions between the particles and the alignment effects.

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Crystal Structures of Pigment Red 170 and Derivatives, as Determined by X‐ray Powder Diffraction

Cited by 36 publications

References 34 publications

Automated diffraction tomography combined with electron precession: a new tool forab initionanostructure analysis

Automated diffraction tomography combined with electron precession: a new tool forab initionanostructure analysis

Progress in Understanding Degradation Mechanisms and Improving Stability in Organic Photovoltaics

Collective dynamics in dispersions of anisometric pigment particles

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