Cultural Diffusion via Salt

Gilmore, Harlan W.

doi:10.1525/aa.1955.57.5.02a00080

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 2 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…Of course, the salt tax was not invented by the Ottomans. According to Gilmore, salt was an important commodity and salt tax "probably has been a more nearly universal tax than any other" (Gilmore, 2009(Gilmore, :1011(Gilmore, -1015. Salt tax was first levied in ancient China (Bass-Becking, 1931:1013.…”

Section: The Salt Taxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Religion, Myth and Economy Around Salt Lake of Larnaca: Saint Lazarus and Umm Haram in Ottoman Cyprus (1570-1650)

Demiryürek¹

2022

JASSS

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Salt Lake near Larnaca town in Cyprus and its salt played a significant part in Cyprus' religious, cultural, social, and economic life during the Venetian administration (1489-1570) and its predecessor's time, the Frankish Period (1191-1489), and that of the Ottomans (1570-1878). The exportation of the salt of good quality which was produced in the salt lake was an important revenue source for the Kingdoms in Cyprus. In addition to this, there was a salt tax which was levied during the Frankish period. Besides these features, the salt lake had a Christian character. Because according to the myth the salt lake one of the miracles of Saint Lazarus who was a Christina saint and a church which had been devoted for him had been built near the lake. The salt lake was precious for Cyprus' Orthodox in terms of religious reasons and for Cyprus' treasury in terms of economic reasons. The Ottoman Capture of Cyprus from the Venetians brought about some novel permanent features for Cyprus and its islanders, such as a new taxation system, a new social structure and religious picture including Islamic tradition. The Ottoman conquest of Cyprus did not reduce the financial value of the salt tax. In the early years of the conquest, the Ottomans abolished the salt tax. But thirty years later, the salt tax re-imposed. The exportation of the salt was maintained. In addition to this, the salt lake won an Islamic aspect. Because the Umm Haram's tomb, who was Muhammed's milk aunt and took part the Muslim's first expedition to Cyprus and died in Cyprus during this campaign, was discovered near the salt lake. A new tomb and a tekke was built for her. From this date on, the salt lake also had an Islamic character. Based on the original Ottoman archival documents which was used first time in this study, this research explores the social, economic and religious characters of the salt lake in Cyprus during the period under question.

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Section: The Salt Taxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Religion, Myth and Economy Around Salt Lake of Larnaca: Saint Lazarus and Umm Haram in Ottoman Cyprus (1570-1650)

Demiryürek¹

2022

JASSS

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“…Begitu penting arti garam sehingga suku-suku Indian memiliki Dewi Garam. Penggunaan garam untuk tujuan simbolis di kalangan suku Indian di Amerika Tengah masih ditemukan pada masa kontemporer (Gilmore, 1955(Gilmore, : 1011(Gilmore, -1012 (Kurnianingsih, 2004: 1-4 (Rochwulaningsih & Utama, 2013: 150-151 (Ida Wayan Gangga, 9 Februari 2019;dan Nengah Suanda, 10 Februari 2019). Menurut Windia (2008: 11-14), menjual lahan milik pribadi maupun tanah desa yang tidak terkendali akan merusak palemahan desa adat.…”

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Teknologi Garam Palung sebagai Warisan Sejarah Masyarakat Pesisir di Bali

Rochwulaningsih

Utama

Sulistiyono

2019

Jurnal Sejarah Citra Lekha

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This article aims to discuss the existence of palung salt technology as a variant of traditional solar evaporation-based salt production technology. This technology is very typical and has been used for generations by salt farmers in Bali, especially at Amed in Karangasem, Tejakula in Buleleng, and Kusamba in Klungkung. Historical and sociological method is used in this research. Palung salt technology is a historical inheritance that still functions as a cultural memory and therefore becomes a pattern for the actions of salt farmers in the three petasikan until recent time. However, since the beginning of the 21st century the preservation of palung salt technology have been faced a serious threat as a result of the inclusion of new technologies in the salt production process and especially by the growing tourism industry in palung salt production area. But, there is the awareness of stakeholders who need to preserve the technology by conducting various activities. Although carried out in a fragmentary method, efforts to preserve palung salt technology have become a shared awareness among stakeholders in the salt economy in Bali. AbstrakArtikel ini bertujuan untuk membahas eksistensi teknologi garam palung sebagai suatu varian dari teknologi produksi garam tradisional berbasis solar evaporation. Teknologi ini sangat khas dan telah digunakan secara turuntemurun oleh petani garam di Bali, khususnya di petasikan Amed di Kabupaten Karangasem, Tejakula di Kabupaten Buleleng, dan Kusamba di Kabupaten Klungkung. Artikel ini disusun berdasar penelitian historis dan sosiologis.Teknologi garam palung merupakan warisan sejarah yang masih berfungsi sebagai memori budaya dan oleh karena itu menjadi pola bagi tindakan petani garam di ketiga petasikan tersebut sampai masa ini. Namun demikian, sejak awal abad ke-21 kelestarian teknologi garam palung menghadapi ancaman serius sebagai akibat masuknya teknologi baru dalam proses produksi garam dan terutama oleh industri pariwisata yang semakin berkembang di daerah produsen garam palung. Namun terdapat kesadaran dari pemangku kepentingan yang telah memiliki kesadaran untuk menyelematkan teknologi tersebut dengan melakukan berbagai kegiatan. Meskipun dilakukan secara fragmentaris, tetapi usaha untuk melestarikan teknologi garam palung telah menjadi kesadaran bersama di kalangan pemangku kepentingan dalam ekonomi garam di Bali.

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From divergence to convergence: centrifugal and centripetal forces in history

Northrup¹

2015

The Cambridge World History

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Cultural Diffusion via Salt

Cited by 5 publications

References 2 publications

Religion, Myth and Economy Around Salt Lake of Larnaca: Saint Lazarus and Umm Haram in Ottoman Cyprus (1570-1650)

Religion, Myth and Economy Around Salt Lake of Larnaca: Saint Lazarus and Umm Haram in Ottoman Cyprus (1570-1650)

Teknologi Garam Palung sebagai Warisan Sejarah Masyarakat Pesisir di Bali

From divergence to convergence: centrifugal and centripetal forces in history

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