Culturing and direct DNA extraction find different fungi from the same ericoid mycorrhizal roots

Allen, T. R.; Millar, Anthony A.; Berch, Shannon M.; Berbee, Mary L.

doi:10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00885.x

Cited by 208 publications

(181 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…But the present data along with those of Allen et al (2003), indicate that this is not always true and both have potential bias (Bridge and Spooner 2001; Anderson and Cairney 2004). Hence, a combination of both approaches should probably be adopted in all investigations of this nature so as to ensure the actual endophytic fungi in seagrasses.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

Differential methods of localisation of fungal endophytes in the seagrasses

2016

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Sections of three seagrass species (Halophila ovalis, Cymodocea serrulata and Halodule pinifolia) were assessed for endophytes based on differential staining using light and fluorescence microscopy method. Acridine orange and aniline blue detected endophytic fungi in 20% and 10% of the segments, respectively, whereas lactophenol cotton blue was more sensitive to detect the fungal hyphae in 70% of the segments. Hyphae were the principal fungal structures generally observed under the cuticle, within the epidermal cells, mesophyll (Parenchyma) cells and occasionally within the vascular tissue that varied in type, size and location within the leaf tissue. Present study also recorded the sporulation for the first time from the seagrass endophytes. Successfully amplified products of the ITS region of endophytic fungal DNA, directly from seagrass tissue and also from culture-dependent fungal DNA clearly depicted the presence of endophytic fungi in H. ovalis with two banding patterns (903 and 1381 bp) confirming the presence of two dominant fungal genera. The fingerprinting of endophytic fungal community within the seagrass tissue was assessed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) that derived with multiple bands that clarified the presence of more than one taxon within the seagrass tissue.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

Differential methods of localisation of fungal endophytes in the seagrasses

2016

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“…The methods to rapidly detect them have only recently emerged. Furthermore, the problem is magnified because many endophytes are unculturable outside of their host (Allen et al 2003). Even those that do emerge from roots onto artificial media may not be easily cultured or may not sporulate readily.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profundae diversitas: the uncharted genetic diversity in a newly studied group of fungal root endophytes

et al. 2015

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Endophytes associated with crops have potential as beneficial inoculants in agriculture, but little is known about their genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships. We carried out the first ever ecological and phylogenetic survey of the culturable fungal root endophytes of a wild barley species. Fungal root endophytes were isolated from 10 populations of wall barley (Hordeum murinum), and 112 taxa of fungi were identified based on internal transcribed spacer sequence similarity. We found representatives from 8 orders, 12 families and 18 genera. Within this group, only 34 isolates (30% of the total) could be confidently assigned to a species, and 23 of the isolates (21% of the total) had no significant match to anything deposited in GenBank (based on <85% sequence similarity). These results suggest a high proportion of novel fungi, with 28% not assigned to a known fungal order. This includes three endophytes that have been shown to significantly improve agronomic traits in cultivated barley. This study has, therefore, revealed a profound diversity of fungal root endophytes in a single wild relative of barley. Extrapolating from this, the study highlights the largely unknown, hugely diverse and potentially useful resource of crop wild relative endophytes.

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“…The ecology of Capronia species is uncertain; pathogenic, mycoparasitic as well as lichen forming taxa have been described, but their capacity as primary saprotrophs of plant litter has been questioned (Untereiner and Malloch, 1999). Some Capronia strains have been confirmed to form mycorrhiza-like structures within roots of ericaceous shrubs (Allen et al, 2003). It is not impossible that ericoid symbionts could have been favoured by root disruption, as Vaccinium plants were often rooted inside isolated cores.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disruption of root carbon transport into forest humus stimulates fungal opportunists at the expense of mycorrhizal fungi

2010

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Ectomycorrhizal fungi dominate the humus layers of boreal forests. They depend on carbohydrates that are translocated through roots, via fungal mycelium to microsites in the soil, wherein they forage for nutrients. Mycorrhizal fungi are therefore sensitive to disruptive disturbances that may restrict their carbon supply. By disrupting root connections, we induced a sudden decline in mycorrhizal mycelial abundance and studied the consequent effects on growth and activity of free living, saprotrophic fungi and bacteria in pine forest humus, using molecular community analyses in combination with enzyme activity measurements. Ectomycorrhizal fungi had decreased in abundance 14 days after root severing, but the abundance of certain free-living ascomycetes was three times higher within 5 days of the disturbance compared with undisturbed controls. Root disruption also increased laccase production by an order of magnitude and cellulase production by a factor of 5. In contrast, bacterial populations seemed little affected. The results indicate that access to an external carbon source enables mycorrhizal fungi to monopolise the humus, but disturbances may induce rapid growth of opportunistic saprotrophic fungi that presumably use the dying mycorrhizal mycelium. Studies of such functional shifts in fungal communities, induced by disturbance, may shed light on mechanisms behind nutrient retention and release in boreal forests. The results also highlight the fundamental problems associated with methods that study microbial processes in soil samples that have been isolated from living roots.

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Culturing and direct DNA extraction find different fungi from the same ericoid mycorrhizal roots

Cited by 208 publications

References 32 publications

Differential methods of localisation of fungal endophytes in the seagrasses

Differential methods of localisation of fungal endophytes in the seagrasses

Profundae diversitas: the uncharted genetic diversity in a newly studied group of fungal root endophytes

Disruption of root carbon transport into forest humus stimulates fungal opportunists at the expense of mycorrhizal fungi

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