CuO–NiO bimetallic nanoparticles supported on graphitic carbon nitride with enhanced catalytic performance for the synthesis of 1,2,3‐triazoles, bis‐1,2,3‐triazoles, and tetrazoles in parts per million level

Abstract

The unification of CuCl2·2H2O and NiCl2·6H2O with the support of graphitic carbon nitride yielded to form an efficient, synergistic, bimetallic nano‐catalyst CuO–NiO@g‐C3N4. FT‐IR, SEM, TEM‐EDX, PXRD, RAMAN, TGA, and XPS were used as the confirmatory techniques to establish the evidence of its absolute formation. Catalyst with three different molar ratios of Cu and Ni, that is, Cu75Ni25 (Cu:Ni = 3:1; catalyst‐a), Cu50Ni50 (Cu:Ni = 1:1; catalyst‐b), and Ni66Cu33 (Ni:Cu = 2:1; catalyst‐c), was synthesized, and their catalytic activity was examined. The synergistic interaction of one metal with the other on the surface of extremely stable graphitic carbon nitride has enhanced the catalytic performance in the synthesis of triazole, tetrazole, and bis‐triazole derivatives to such a distinguished level (in ppm level), which a monometal fail to possess. The aforementioned statement has been supported by the catalytic activity data provided for both the monometallic and bimetallic catalyst herein. In addition to this, benign reaction conditions, in situ generation of azides, wide reaction scopes, and reusability of the catalyst were also the major advantages leading toward safe and sustainable chemistry beyond doubt.

A sustainable route toward the synthesis of highly substituted imidazole and quinoxaline derivatives using CuO@g‐C3N4 as an efficient and reusable heterogeneous catalyst

“…In the next step, graphitic carbon nitride (200 mg) was dispersed in water (100 mL) and ultrasonicated for 2 h, and an aqueous solution of CuCl 2 Á2H 2 O (25 mL) was added to it, which was again stirred for 4 h. After that, 50 mL solution of 0.79 M of NaBH 4 was added dropwise and stirred continuously for another 12 h. The desired CuO@g-C 3 N 4 was washed with water, ethanol, and diethyl ether. 45 In the final step, the synthesized catalyst was allowed to be dried and characterized via FT-IR, SEM, TEM, EDX, PXRD, ICP-OES, and TGA to confirm the successful attachment of CuO on the surface of g-C 3 N 4 .…”